Range Management and Utilization MCQs 2026

Community-based range management works better when

1. Aopen access without rules persists✓
2. Belite capture is unchecked✓
3. Cusers share rules for stocking and seasonal use✓
4. Dmonitoring is banned✓

Wildlife-livestock interactions on ranges may involve

1. Azero overlap ever✓
2. Bcompetition for forage and disease risks✓
3. Conly mutualism without conflict✓
4. Dabsence of wild herbivores always✓

Toxic plants on ranges are a concern because they

1. Aalways increase weight gains✓
2. Bnever occur in Pakistan✓
3. Ccan poison livestock when forage is scarce✓
4. Donly affect fish✓

Pasture versus range: pastures are often

1. Aalways virgin unmanaged desert✓
2. Bidentical to alpine scrub only✓
3. Cmore intensively managed and sometimes seeded/irrigated✓
4. Dnever fenced✓

Complementary forage from crop residues in Pakistan helps

1. Areplace all range ecology forever✓
2. Brelieve pressure on rangelands in certain seasons✓
3. Celiminate livestock✓
4. Dcreate alpine meadows✓

AUM (animal unit month) measures

1. Atree volume in hoppus feet✓
2. Bnursery polybag count✓
3. Cforage demand of one AU for one month✓
4. DDBH in inches only✓

Proper distribution of livestock is improved by

1. Aone water point for a huge range only✓
2. Bno herding ever✓
3. Crandom open access without plan✓
4. Dwater points, fencing, salting and herding✓

Exclosures are used to

1. Acompare grazed vs ungrazed vegetation and protect recovery✓
2. Bincrease stocking without limit✓
3. Cremove all fences✓
4. Dpoison forage✓

Fire on rangelands can

1. Anever affect vegetation✓
2. Bonly create mangroves✓
3. Conly grow deodar forests✓
4. Dinfluence species composition and forage quality depending on regime✓

Riparian areas on rangelands need special care because they

1. Anever attract livestock✓
2. Bare productive yet easily degraded by concentrated use✓
3. Chave no forage✓
4. Dcannot erode✓

Soil compaction from trampling reduces

1. Aerosion risk always to zero✓
2. Bseed germination always✓
3. Crunoff always✓
4. Dinfiltration and plant vigor✓

Drought management on ranges includes

1. Aincreasing herds during drought peaks✓
2. Breducing stocking early and protecting key plants✓
3. Cignoring forage forecasts✓
4. Dremoving all residual cover✓

Mixed livestock species can

1. Autilize different forage classes more completely if managed well✓
2. Balways destroy ranges faster with no benefit✓
3. Cnever complement diets✓
4. Donly eat stones✓

Grazers preferentially consume

1. Aonly tree bark forever✓
2. Bgrasses and herbaceous forage✓
3. Conly pine needles of fir climax✓
4. Donly mangrove pneumatophores✓

Browsers prefer

1. Aonly pure mineral soil✓
2. Bonly water without plants✓
3. Cwoody twigs and leaves more than pure grass diets✓
4. Donly grain in feedlots✓

Invasive weeds on rangelands often

1. Areduce forage quality and alter fire/ecology regimes✓
2. Balways improve all native grasses✓
3. Cnever spread with disturbance✓
4. Dfix nitrogen for climax fir✓

Reseeding degraded ranges aims to

1. Aremove all vegetation forever✓
2. Bsalinize soils✓
3. Cre-establish productive forage species✓
4. Dcompact soil to concrete✓

Sacrifice area near water or camps is

1. Aa pristine exclosure✓
2. Ba heavily used zone that is hard to keep in high condition✓
3. Ca climax unused meadow✓
4. Da nursery seedbed✓

Water development on ranges must be planned because

1. Awater never affects distribution✓
2. Banimals avoid all water✓
3. Cpoorly placed water causes severe local overgrazing✓
4. Dwells increase forage automatically everywhere✓

Nomadic pastoralism differs from settled ranching mainly by

1. Afixed paddocks only✓
2. Bzero livestock✓
3. Conly poultry towers✓
4. Dhigher mobility following forage and water✓

Transhumance is

1. Apermanent stall feeding only✓
2. Bzero mobility of herds✓
3. Conly urban dairy without movement✓
4. Dseasonal movement of livestock between grazing areas✓

Balochistan rangelands are important because they

1. Aare continuous mangrove swamps✓
2. Bare moist temperate fir climax only✓
3. Chave no grazing use✓
4. Dsupport large pastoral livestock populations in arid/semi-arid zones✓

Forage production is strongly limited in Pakistan ranges by

1. Acontinuous daily rainfall of 5 m✓
2. Bpermanent flooding everywhere✓
3. Clow and erratic rainfall✓
4. Dzero drought ever✓

Palatability refers to

1. Asoil salinity only✓
2. Bfence tensile strength✓
3. Chow readily animals select a plant for forage✓
4. Dwell pump horsepower✓

Range trend describes

1. Adirection of change in condition over time✓
2. Ba single static photo without comparison✓
3. Conly livestock breed fashion✓
4. Donly wool color✓

Range condition classifies

1. Aonly fence age✓
2. Bonly well depth✓
3. Ccurrent state of vegetation relative to potential✓
4. Donly market price of goats✓

Key species in range management are

1. Aonly invasive weeds without value✓
2. Bonly trees of alpine fir✓
3. Conly crops in tunnels✓
4. Dplants that indicate condition and guide management✓

Continuous grazing keeps animals

1. Aalways in perfect rotation✓
2. Bonly in feedlots with zero range✓
3. Cnever on rangeland✓
4. Don the same area for long periods without planned rest✓

Rotational grazing moves livestock

1. Ain one paddock forever without rest✓
2. Bamong paddocks to allow rest and regrowth✓
3. Conly at night on highways✓
4. Donly in forests clear-felled yearly✓

Deferred grazing means

1. Agrazing every day without pause✓
2. Bdelaying grazing on a pasture until key plants set seed or recover✓
3. Cpermanent abandonment only✓
4. Dirrigating with seawater✓

Proper grazing use aims to

1. Aharvest forage while leaving residual cover for plant recovery✓
2. Bgraze to bare soil always✓
3. Cremove all litter✓
4. Dban all rest periods✓

Overgrazing typically causes

1. Aincreased litter protection always✓
2. Bimproved watershed always✓
3. Cdenser climax forest instantly✓
4. Dloss of desirable forage, soil exposure and erosion✓

Stocking rate expresses

1. Aanimals (or AU) per unit area for a stated time✓
2. Bonly rainfall mm✓
3. Conly soil pH✓
4. Donly fence color✓

Animal unit (AU) is used to

1. Astandardize grazing load across animal kinds and sizes✓
2. Bmeasure only tree DBH✓
3. Ccount only seedlings✓
4. Dweigh only wool bags✓

Carrying capacity of a range is

1. Aunlimited herd size forever✓
2. Bthe number of animals it can support without degrading the resource✓
3. Czero animals always✓
4. Donly the number of trucks✓

A large share of Pakistan's land is

1. Aarid and semi-arid rangeland rather than dense forest✓
2. Bcontinuous tropical rainforest✓
3. Cpermanent ice sheet✓
4. Dmangrove only✓

Rangelands are lands where

1. Anative or naturalized vegetation is grazed by livestock or wildlife✓
2. Bonly irrigated wheat is grown✓
3. Conly factories stand✓
4. Donly permanent glaciers exist✓

Range management is the science of

1. Aonly clear-felling timber✓
2. Bonly nursery polybags✓
3. Cmanaging rangelands for sustained livestock and ecosystem services✓
4. Donly urban zoning✓

Sustainable range management in Pakistan requires

1. Aunlimited open access forever✓
2. Bstocking control, mobility/rest, water planning and community rules✓
3. Cignoring drought✓
4. Dconverting all ranges to bare soil✓

Economic utilization of ranges should account for

1. Aonly short-term herd maximization✓
2. Bzero environmental costs✓
3. Cignoring soil loss✓
4. Dlivestock products plus watershed and biodiversity values✓

Range improvement may include

1. Aonly increasing stocking without limits✓
2. Breseeding, water spreading, shrub management and resting✓
3. Cremoving all water✓
4. Dcontinuous year-long heavy use✓

Goat browsing can damage forests and ranges when

1. Astocking is always within capacity✓
2. Bnumbers and season are uncontrolled on regenerating woody plants✓
3. Cbrowse is unlimited✓
4. Dseedlings are protected✓

Mountain pastures in northern Pakistan are often used

1. Ayear-round identically to deserts✓
2. Bonly in deep winter snow✓
3. Cnever by pastoralists✓
4. Dseasonally in summer when snow melts and forage grows✓

The goal of utilization in range management is

1. Aharvest of forage at levels compatible with sustained productivity✓
2. B100% removal of all plants yearly✓
3. Czero harvest forever without objectives✓
4. Dconversion to concrete✓

Stock trails and bedding grounds become degraded when

1. Ause is well rotated✓
2. Bbedding is moved✓
3. Canimals repeatedly concentrate without rest or relocation✓
4. Dtrails are rested✓

Monitoring residual dry matter or cover helps ensure

1. Aenough vegetation remains to protect soil✓
2. Bbare ground targets✓
3. Cmaximum erosion✓
4. Dzero litter goals✓

Mineral supplementation for range livestock addresses

1. Aonly tree DBH growth✓
2. Bdietary deficiencies common on poor forages✓
3. Conly nursery shade✓
4. Donly fence paint✓

Forage conservation (hay/silage) helps pastoral systems by

1. Astoring feed for scarce seasons✓
2. Beliminating the need for any planning✓
3. Cincreasing drought mortality always✓
4. Dreplacing water✓

Sand dune stabilization may use

1. Aunlimited goat concentration on dunes✓
2. Bremoving all plants✓
3. Cdeep ploughing of dunes weekly✓
4. Dvegetation barriers and controlled grazing✓

Desertification on rangelands is accelerated by

1. Aovergrazing, fuelwood cutting and drought✓
2. Bsustainable stocking and rest✓
3. Cwatershed protection✓
4. Dreseeding with care✓