Introduction to Forestry and Importance of Forests MCQs 2026

The term 'forest produce' in forest law generally includes

1. Aonly living wild animals in zoos✓
2. Bonly agricultural wheat✓
3. Ctimber, fuelwood, charcoal, resin and other listed items✓
4. Donly imported plastic✓

Conservation of forests is important for agriculture because forests

1. Adestroy all irrigation canals✓
2. Bhave no link to farming✓
3. Creplace the need for water entirely✓
4. Dprotect watersheds that supply irrigation water✓

Which is an example of a cultural/recreational forest benefit

1. Aeco-tourism and scenic recreation✓
2. Bonly pulpwood volume✓
3. Conly mine props✓
4. Donly charcoal bags✓

Joint Forest Management (JFM) involves

1. Aexcluding villagers from planning✓
2. Bpartnership between forest department and local communities✓
3. Cmilitary control of all nurseries✓
4. Dcomplete privatization of national parks only✓

A key objective of Pakistan's National Forest Policy 2015 is

1. Aeliminating all tree cover✓
2. Bbanning all afforestation✓
3. Cconverting mangroves to industry only✓
4. Dexpanding forest cover and curbing deforestation✓

Crown of a tree refers to

1. Athe underground taproot only✓
2. Bthe bark of the stump only✓
3. Cthe foliage-bearing part formed by branches and leaves✓
4. Dthe annual ring at breast height only✓

Which province generally has among the lowest percentages of forest cover

1. ABalochistan✓
2. BKhyber Pakhtunkhwa✓
3. Careas of moist temperate Himalaya✓
4. DMurree hills✓

The primary goal of conservation-oriented forestry is to

1. Amaximize clear-felling every year✓
2. Bmaintain forest health and long-term ecological functions✓
3. Creplace forests with monoculture crops only✓
4. Ddrain all wetlands✓

For a balanced environment, many textbooks cite a desirable national forest cover of about

1. A5%✓
2. B10%✓
3. C15%✓
4. D25%✓

Which of the following is a direct (productive) benefit of forests

1. Aregulation of climate only✓
2. Btimber and fuelwood✓
3. Caesthetic beauty only✓
4. Dwatershed protection only✓

An indirect (protective/environmental) benefit of forests is

1. Awatershed protection and soil conservation✓
2. Btimber production✓
3. Cresin collection✓
4. Dfurniture manufacture✓

Afforestation means

1. Areplanting only after clear-felling the same species✓
2. Bnatural regeneration without any planting✓
3. Cthinning of overcrowded stands✓
4. Destablishing forest on land that was not recently forested✓

Desertification risk increases when

1. Aforest and vegetation cover is lost and soil is exposed✓
2. Btree cover expands sustainably✓
3. Cwatersheds are well forested✓
4. Dshelterbelts are maintained✓

Forests contribute to the hydrological cycle mainly by

1. Apreventing all rainfall✓
2. Bintercepting rain and promoting infiltration and regulated streamflow✓
3. Ccreating permanent deserts✓
4. Dstopping groundwater recharge✓

Agroforestry is the practice of

1. Aintegrating trees with crops and/or livestock on the same land✓
2. Bgrowing only one agricultural crop✓
3. Ccomplete removal of trees from farms✓
4. Durban high-rise construction✓

Softwoods are mainly derived from

1. Abamboo only✓
2. Bpalm trees only✓
3. Cferns✓
4. Dconiferous trees✓

Reforestation refers to

1. Aconverting forest to agriculture✓
2. Bplanting trees in urban parks only✓
3. Cre-establishing forest on recently cleared or harvested forest land✓
4. Dmining under forest canopy✓

Social forestry emphasizes

1. Aonly industrial pulp plantations✓
2. Bexcluding local people from all forests✓
3. Cmaximum clear-felling for export✓
4. Dtree growing to meet local needs with community participation✓

Forest canopy refers to

1. Athe root system only✓
2. Bsoil humus layer only✓
3. Cthe upper layer of tree crowns✓
4. Dforest boundary fencing✓

Which statement about Pakistan's wood demand is widely reported in policy documents

1. Ademand is far below sustainable supply✓
2. Bthere is no fuelwood use✓
3. Cimports are banned forever✓
4. Dactual wood demand greatly exceeds sustainable domestic supply✓

Ecosystem services of forests include

1. Aonly sawn timber sales✓
2. Bonly charcoal export✓
3. Cprovisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services✓
4. Donly mining royalties✓

Soil erosion under forest cover is generally

1. Alower than on bare or overgrazed land✓
2. Balways higher than on bare land✓
3. Cunaffected by vegetation✓
4. Dcaused only by earthquakes✓

Urban forestry focuses on

1. Aonly remote Himalayan wilderness✓
2. Bmanagement of trees and green spaces in and around cities✓
3. Cdeep-sea fishing✓
4. Ddesert oil exploration✓

A plantation forest is typically

1. Aan unmanaged primary rainforest✓
2. Ba naturally mixed old-growth stand only✓
3. Ca mangrove mudflat without planting✓
4. Da stand established by planting or seeding for wood production✓

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) include

1. Aonly sawn logs✓
2. Bonly plywood✓
3. Cresin, medicinal plants, honey and fodder✓
4. Donly railway sleepers✓

Rotation period in forestry is the

1. Aplanned age or time from establishment to final harvest of a crop✓
2. Bdaily working hours of staff✓
3. Ctime between two rainfall events✓
4. Dlife span of a nursery polybag✓

Growing stock of a forest means

1. Aonly seedlings in a nursery✓
2. Bthe volume (or biomass) of living trees in the forest✓
3. Cannual rainfall total✓
4. Dnumber of forest guards✓

Deforestation differs from forest degradation in that deforestation

1. Aimproves canopy density✓
2. Bonly changes species composition slightly✓
3. Cinvolves conversion of forest to non-forest land use✓
4. Dalways increases biodiversity✓

Forests moderate local climate mainly by

1. Aincreasing albedo of bare soil only✓
2. Bemitting CFCs✓
3. Cstopping all photosynthesis✓
4. Dproviding shade, transpiration cooling and wind reduction✓

Biodiversity conservation is an important forest function because forests

1. Aharbor a large share of terrestrial species and habitats✓
2. Bcontain no animal life✓
3. Cprevent all evolution✓
4. Deliminate genetic variation✓

Farm forestry refers to

1. Aonly state-owned reserved forests✓
2. Braising trees on farms for wood, fodder and other products✓
3. Cocean aquaculture✓
4. Dunderground coal mining✓

In rural Pakistan, forests are especially important as a source of

1. Ahousehold fuelwood and energy✓
2. Bcrude oil✓
3. Curanium✓
4. Dnatural gas pipelines✓

Forests help control floods mainly by

1. Aincreasing surface runoff speed✓
2. Bintercepting rainfall and improving infiltration✓
3. Cremoving all ground vegetation✓
4. Dchannelizing rivers into concrete✓

The process by which forests remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store carbon in biomass is called

1. Adesertification✓
2. Beutrophication✓
3. Ccarbon sequestration✓
4. Dnitrification✓

Changa Manga is famous as

1. Aa natural alpine scrub✓
2. Ban irrigated forest plantation in Punjab✓
3. Ca mangrove reserve in Balochistan✓
4. Da juniper forest of Ziarat✓

Linear plantations in Pakistan are commonly raised along

1. Aroads, canals and railway lines✓
2. Bonly mountain peaks above snowline✓
3. Cocean trenches✓
4. Ddesert dunes without water✓

A shelterbelt or windbreak is mainly planted to

1. Aincrease desertification✓
2. Breplace all food crops✓
3. Cdrain wetlands✓
4. Dreduce wind speed and protect crops/soil✓

Among provinces, the highest percentage of forest cover is generally reported for

1. ABalochistan✓
2. BSindh✓
3. CKhyber Pakhtunkhwa✓
4. Dsouthern Punjab plains✓

A forest stand is

1. Aa single isolated roadside tree✓
2. Ba community of trees sufficiently uniform to be managed as a unit✓
3. Conly dead fallen timber✓
4. Da nursery seedbed✓

Sustainable forest management aims to

1. Ameet present needs without compromising future forest productivity✓
2. Bharvest all growing stock immediately✓
3. Cignore regeneration✓
4. Dmaximize short-term profit only✓

Multiple-use forestry means managing forests for

1. Aonly one product at a time✓
2. Bseveral goods and services simultaneously✓
3. Cmining under the canopy only✓
4. Dcomplete conversion to pasture✓

Productive forests are managed primarily to

1. Aban all human use forever✓
2. Bserve only as national parks✓
3. Cproduce timber and other forest products sustainably✓
4. Dexclude all wildlife✓

Protective forests are managed mainly for

1. Amaximum annual timber harvest only✓
2. Bfurniture exports only✓
3. Cpulp production only✓
4. Denvironmental services such as soil and water conservation✓

The national tree of Pakistan is commonly cited as

1. AEucalyptus camaldulensis✓
2. BAcacia nilotica✓
3. CPopulus deltoides✓
4. DCedrus deodara (Deodar)✓

Evergreen trees

1. Aretain green leaves throughout the year✓
2. Bshed all leaves every winter necessarily✓
3. Cnever produce seeds✓
4. Dgrow only in deserts✓

Hardwoods are generally obtained from

1. Aconifers only✓
2. Bgymnosperms only✓
3. Cbroad-leaved (mostly angiosperm) trees✓
4. Dmosses and lichens✓

A major cause of deforestation in Pakistan is

1. Aexcessive snowfall in plains✓
2. Billegal cutting, overgrazing and agricultural expansion✓
3. Ctoo much rainfall everywhere✓
4. Dvolcanic eruptions✓

Forestry is best defined as the science and art of

1. Amining mineral resources from forest land✓
2. Bmanaging forests and forest lands for human benefit✓
3. Conly cutting mature trees for timber✓
4. Dconverting all forests into farmland✓

Silviculture primarily deals with

1. Athe establishment, growth and tending of forest crops✓
2. Bwildlife hunting regulations only✓
3. Cmarketing of finished furniture✓
4. Dconstruction of forest roads only✓

According to Pakistan's National Forest Policy 2015, forest and tree cover is about

1. A25% of land area✓
2. B40% of land area✓
3. C5% of land area✓
4. D15% of land area✓