Silviculture Systems and Regeneration MCQs 2026

The success of a silvicultural system is judged mainly by

1. Areliable regeneration and meeting management objectives✓
2. Bonly the length of the working plan book✓
3. Conly the number of stamps used✓
4. Donly auction drama✓

Pure crops are stands composed of

1. Amany unrelated biomes✓
2. Bessentially one species✓
3. Conly animals✓
4. Donly soil types✓

Mixed crops in silviculture can provide

1. Aonly pure monoculture benefits✓
2. Brisk spreading and complementary site use by species✓
3. Czero ecological interest✓
4. Didentical niches always✓

Artificial regeneration is preferred when

1. Anatural regeneration is always perfect✓
2. Bseed years are always abundant✓
3. Cgrazing is zero and seed rain ideal always✓
4. Dnatural seed sources or conditions are inadequate for objectives✓

In selection forests, sustained yield depends on

1. Aremoving the entire growing stock each year✓
2. Bnever measuring increment✓
3. Cignoring regeneration✓
4. Dbalancing removals with growth across diameter classes✓

Sanitation felling aims to

1. Aspread pathogens deliberately✓
2. Bremove pest/disease centers to protect the remaining stand✓
3. Cignore all outbreaks✓
4. Dplant only weeds✓

Salvage felling harvests

1. Aonly the healthiest dominants for seed✓
2. Bonly nursery stock✓
3. Conly boundary trees that are healthy✓
4. Ddead, dying or damaged trees after disturbance✓

Improvement felling removes

1. Aall the best trees first always✓
2. Bonly seedlings✓
3. Conly soil humus✓
4. Ddefective, diseased or undesirable trees to favor better growing stock✓

The term 'felling series' relates to

1. Aonly nursery polybag series✓
2. Bonly chain survey errors✓
3. Conly wildlife census✓
4. Dorganization of coupes so that yields are regulated over the rotation✓

Fire may be used in some systems as

1. Aa tool to prepare seedbeds or control unwanted vegetation when planned✓
2. Ban uncontrolled destroyer with no silvicultural theory ever✓
3. Cthe only legal system in mangroves✓
4. Da substitute for all seed✓

Scarification or site preparation can help regeneration by

1. Acompacting soil to concrete✓
2. Bexposing mineral soil and reducing litter barriers to seed✓
3. Cremoving all moisture✓
4. Dkilling all mycorrhizae intentionally✓

Seed years are important because

1. Aheavy seed crops improve chances of natural regeneration✓
2. Btrees never produce seed✓
3. Cseed is irrelevant to regeneration✓
4. Donly cuttings matter for all species✓

Simple coppice rotation is usually

1. Aalways longer than 200 years✓
2. Bidentical to geological time✓
3. Cshorter than high forest timber rotations✓
4. Dunrelated to sprouting✓

High forest traditionally means

1. Aonly coppice fuel stools✓
2. Bcrops grown mainly from seed to timber size (not short coppice)✓
3. Conly agricultural fallow✓
4. Donly alpine meadows✓

The conversion of a silvicultural system means

1. Aignoring all working plans✓
2. Bchanging from one system/structure to another deliberately✓
3. Cbanning regeneration✓
4. Dselling the nursery only✓

Underplanting establishes

1. Aa new crop beneath an existing canopy✓
2. Bonly crops on bare clear-fells✓
3. Conly desert dunes without shade✓
4. Donly tidal mud without trees✓

Nurse crop in silviculture is

1. Athe final climax only✓
2. Ba temporary crop that shelters a more valuable species✓
3. Ca pure weed without purpose✓
4. Donly a mangrove✓

Spacing in plantations affects

1. Aonly flower color✓
2. Bonly wood smell✓
3. Cgrowth rate, form and intermediate thinning needs✓
4. Donly GPS accuracy✓

Beat up (beating up) means

1. Aclear-felling the whole coupe✓
2. Breplacing dead plants in a young plantation✓
3. Cthinning mature standards only✓
4. Dsurveying only boundaries✓

Protection of regeneration from grazing is important because

1. Alivestock always plant trees✓
2. Bbrowsing kills or deforms young plants✓
3. Cgrazing increases all seedling density✓
4. Danimals never eat seedlings✓

Failure of regeneration after felling may result from

1. Agrazing, fire, poor seed year or unsuitable light/moisture✓
2. Bexcess perfect seed always✓
3. Czero disturbance ever✓
4. Dunlimited weed-free moist shade always✓

A regeneration survey assesses

1. Aadequacy and distribution of seedlings/saplings✓
2. Bonly timber market prices✓
3. Conly staff attendance✓
4. Donly rainfall in Karachi✓

Pollarding differs from coppice mainly by

1. Acutting at ground level only✓
2. Bcutting the crown above browsing height on a high stem✓
3. Cnever cutting branches✓
4. Donly measuring DBH✓

Coppice is generally unsuitable for

1. Amany tropical sprouting hardwoods✓
2. Bshort-rotation fuelwood stools that sprout✓
3. Cmost conifers that do not sprout reliably from stumps✓
4. Dspecies known for vigorous coppicing✓

Irrigated plantations of shisham/mulberry in Punjab are commonly managed as

1. Aeven-aged plantation crops with clear-felling and replanting or coppice where suitable✓
2. Balpine selection fir systems only✓
3. Cmangrove pneumatophore systems✓
4. Djuniper Ziarat selection only✓

In moist temperate conifers of Pakistan, selection or shelterwood approaches are often discussed because

1. Aconifers never need seed✓
2. Bclear-felling always improves alpine soils✓
3. Cmany valuable conifers regenerate better with partial cover than huge exposed clearings✓
4. Dmangrove rules apply unchanged✓

The choice of silvicultural system should consider

1. Aonly the color of boundary pillars✓
2. Bonly the brand of axe✓
3. Cspecies ecology, site, objectives and regeneration capacity✓
4. Donly office furniture✓

Shade-tolerant species can regenerate under

1. Aonly full desert sun on bare sand✓
2. Bpartial canopy shade✓
3. Conly tidal mangrove mud always✓
4. Donly irrigated wheat fields✓

Shade-intolerant species regenerate best in

1. Adeep continuous shade only✓
2. Blarge openings with ample light✓
3. Ccaves✓
4. Dcomplete darkness under dense fir✓

Uneven-aged structure contains

1. Aonly one age class✓
2. Bonly dead wood✓
3. Conly nursery beds✓
4. Dthree or more age classes intermixed✓

Even-aged stand structure means

1. Atrees are predominantly of one age class✓
2. Ball ages mixed evenly always✓
3. Conly seedlings forever✓
4. Dno measurable ages✓

A coupe is

1. Aa type of mangrove root✓
2. Ba soil horizon only✓
3. Can annual or periodic felling area under a working plan✓
4. Da chain survey error✓

Advance growth refers to

1. Aonly trees planted after clear-fell✓
2. Bonly nursery stock in trays✓
3. Cseedlings/saplings already present before final felling✓
4. Donly imported logs✓

Regeneration period in shelterwood is

1. Aalways exactly one day✓
2. Bthe time over which the new crop is established under shelter✓
3. Cthe same as geological eras✓
4. Dunrelated to seed years✓

Felling cycle in selection forests is

1. Athe life of one leaf✓
2. Bthe time to fill one polybag✓
3. Cthe interval between successive selection cuttings in the same area✓
4. Dthe monsoon month only✓

Rotation in even-aged systems is

1. Athe daily patrol schedule✓
2. Bthe nursery watering hour✓
3. Cthe auction bid time✓
4. Dthe planned period from establishment to final harvest✓

Pruning in silviculture is done to

1. Aincrease knots deliberately✓
2. Bimprove wood quality by removing lower branches✓
3. Ckill the cambium intentionally✓
4. Dstop height growth forever✓

Low thinning (thinning from below) removes mainly

1. Aonly the tallest dominants first always✓
2. Bonly seed trees in shelterwood✓
3. Conly standards in coppice✓
4. Dsuppressed and intermediate trees from lower crown classes✓

Crown thinning preferentially removes

1. Acompetitors in the upper canopy affecting crop trees✓
2. Bonly suppressed understory always✓
3. Conly litter✓
4. Donly nursery weeds✓

Mechanical thinning selects trees mainly by

1. Arandom burning of the coupe✓
2. Bremoving only soil✓
3. Cignoring all stems✓
4. Dspacing or simple rules rather than crown class judgment alone✓

Thinning aims to

1. Aincrease overcrowding✓
2. Bstop all diameter growth✓
3. Creduce density to improve growth of remaining trees✓
4. Dremove the entire crop at once✓

Cleaning is a tending operation that

1. Aremoves inferior stems of the same age class in sapling stands✓
2. Bharvests only veteran standards✓
3. Cplants mangroves in deserts✓
4. Dmeasures only DBH✓

Weeding in young plantations removes

1. Athe planted seedlings themselves✓
2. Bonly mature seed trees✓
3. Ccompeting unwanted vegetation around seedlings✓
4. Donly soil entirely✓

Tending operations include

1. Aonly final clear-felling✓
2. Bonly timber sale auctions✓
3. Conly boundary pillar painting✓
4. Dweeding, cleaning, thinning and pruning✓

Taungya system historically combines

1. Aonly pure mangrove fishing✓
2. Bagricultural crops with forest plantation establishment✓
3. Conly alpine grazing without trees✓
4. Donly urban high-rises✓

Planting stock for artificial regeneration is commonly

1. Aonly mature 100-year trees transplanted whole✓
2. Bonly rocks✓
3. Cnursery-raised seedlings or cuttings✓
4. Donly fertilizer bags✓

Direct sowing in silviculture is

1. Aonly raising plants in nursery then planting✓
2. Bonly grafting scions✓
3. Csowing seed directly on the regeneration site✓
4. Donly air-layering✓

Artificial regeneration means

1. Aestablishing the crop by planting or direct seeding by humans✓
2. Bonly waiting for unmanaged succession✓
3. Cbanning all planting✓
4. Drelying solely on sprouts without plan✓

Natural regeneration depends on

1. Aonly imported polybag stock always✓
2. Bcomplete absence of seed✓
3. Csterile rock without moisture✓
4. Dseed/vegetative sources and suitable site conditions✓

The seed tree method retains

1. Ano seed source at all✓
2. Bonly dead snags✓
3. Ca small number of scattered seed-bearing trees after harvest✓
4. Donly nursery polybags✓

Coppice with standards combines

1. Acoppice underwood with scattered standards grown for larger timber✓
2. Bonly clear-fell of conifers✓
3. Conly mangrove pneumatophores✓
4. Donly alpine scrub✓

Coppice system regenerates mainly from

1. Astump sprouts (coppice shoots)✓
2. Bonly seed from distant continents✓
3. Conly grafting in labs✓
4. Donly aerial layering of conifers✓

Group selection differs from single-tree selection by

1. Aremoving trees in small groups to create larger gaps✓
2. Bclear-felling entire working circles✓
3. Cbanning all gaps✓
4. Dplanting only mangroves✓

Selection system maintains

1. Aonly one-aged clear-felled plains✓
2. Bzero harvesting forever✓
3. Conly agricultural wheat✓
4. Duneven-aged structure by harvesting scattered trees or groups periodically✓

Uniform shelterwood typically aims at

1. Apermanent selection uneven-aged structure only✓
2. Bzero regeneration✓
3. Conly coppice stools✓
4. Dmore or less even-aged regeneration under a uniformly opened canopy✓

Shelterwood system regenerates the new crop

1. Aonly after removing every seed tree✓
2. Bwithout any seed source✓
3. Cunder the partial cover of retained mature trees✓
4. Donly in deserts without trees✓

A major risk of large clear-fells on steep catchments is

1. Aincreased soil protection always✓
2. Bzero runoff change✓
3. Cinstant climax restoration✓
4. Derosion and hydrological disturbance✓

Clear-felling system removes

1. Aonly one tree per hectare forever✓
2. Bonly understory shrubs✓
3. Cessentially the entire mature crop in one operation on a coupe✓
4. Dno trees at all✓

A silvicultural system is

1. Aa planned program of treatments for regenerating and harvesting a forest crop✓
2. Ba random unplanned cutting✓
3. Conly a nursery layout✓
4. Donly a road alignment✓

Silviculture is best defined as

1. Aonly wildlife trophy hunting✓
2. Bonly timber auctioneering✓
3. Conly nursery accounting✓
4. Dthe art and science of establishing and tending forest crops✓