Welding and Foundry Technology MCQs 2026

Weld symbol on drawing arrow side means

1. Aalways opposite side only✓
2. Bonly both sides without symbol✓
3. Cweld on side arrow points to✓
4. Donly no weld✓

Welding is a process of

1. Ajoining metals by fusion with or without filler and pressure✓
2. Bonly mechanical bolting without bond✓
3. Conly painting surfaces✓
4. Donly casting molten metal into mould only without joint✓

Arc welding uses

1. Aonly cold pressure without heat✓
2. Belectric arc as heat source between electrode and work✓
3. Conly laser without electricity ever✓
4. Donly adhesive bond✓

GMAW is commonly called

1. ATIG only✓
2. BSubmerged arc only✓
3. COxy-fuel only✓
4. DMIG/MAG welding✓

GTAW is commonly called

1. AMIG only✓
2. BStick only✓
3. CSAW only✓
4. DTIG welding✓

Nodularity in ductile iron from

1. Amagnesium treatment spheroidizing graphite✓
2. Bonly rapid quench martensite✓
3. Conly sulphur addition always flakes✓
4. Donly zinc coating✓

Welding stainless steel often requires

1. Aonly mild steel electrodes always without spec✓
2. Blow carbon grades and proper shielding to prevent sensitization✓
3. Conly oxy-fuel without control✓
4. Donly no gas TIG outdoors wind✓

Distortion in welding is reduced by

1. Aonly maximum heat input always✓
2. Bonly single long bead without restraint✓
3. Ctack welding, sequencing, fixturing and intermittent welds✓
4. Donly increasing gap unlimited✓

Peening after welding can

1. Aonly increase tensile stress deliberately all zones✓
2. Bonly remove weld metal✓
3. Conly increase hydrogen✓
4. Drelieve tensile residual stresses by plastic deformation✓

Post-weld heat treatment may

1. Aonly quench to martensite always all steels✓
2. Bonly paint immediately without need✓
3. Conly increase hydrogen✓
4. Dstress relieve or temper hard HAZ✓

Brazing joins metals using

1. Afusion of base metal only like welding without filler✓
2. Bonly mechanical rivets✓
3. Cfiller melted above 450°C but below base metal melting✓
4. Donly cold welding without heat✓

Soldering uses filler melting below

1. A2000°C✓
2. B450°C (traditionally)✓
3. Cbase metal melting point always✓
4. Donly solid state without filler✓

Forge welding historically

1. Ajoins heated metals by hammering together✓
2. Bonly arc with electrode✓
3. Conly adhesive epoxy✓
4. Donly laser cutting✓

Friction stir welding is

1. Asolid-state joining using rotating tool friction heat✓
2. Bonly oxy cutting✓
3. Conly submerged arc with wire✓
4. Donly resistance spot only✓

Laser beam welding offers

1. Aonly widest HAZ always✓
2. Bconcentrated heat narrow HAZ high depth-to-width ratio✓
3. Conly cannot automate✓
4. Donly for plastics exclusively✓

Electron beam welding requires

1. Aonly open air without vacuum always✓
2. Bonly water tank✓
3. Cvacuum chamber to prevent beam scatter✓
4. Donly sand mould✓

Pakistan welding standards reference

1. Aonly woodworking joints exclusively✓
2. Bonly textile stitching✓
3. Conly food recipes✓
4. Dinternational codes AWS, ASME and local industry practice✓

Fillet weld leg size refers to

1. Aonly throat depth without legs✓
2. Bdistance from root to face along leg in right triangle approximation✓
3. Conly groove angle only✓
4. Donly electrode brand✓

Butt weld groove types include

1. AV, U, J and square grooves✓
2. Bonly spot only always✓
3. Conly seam adhesive✓
4. Donly rivet heads✓

Backing strip or backing gas prevents

1. Aincomplete root penetration or oxidation at root✓
2. Bonly cosmetic spatter increase deliberately✓
3. Conly electrode melting✓
4. Donly shield gas tank colour✓

WPS stands for

1. AWire Power Supply✓
2. BWelding Procedure Specification✓
3. CWeld Profile Standard✓
4. DWater Preheat System✓

Welder qualification certifies

1. Aonly engineering degree✓
2. Bonly crane license✓
3. Conly boiler operator✓
4. Dwelder skill for positions and processes✓

Foundry process casting pours

1. Aonly removes metal by machining exclusively✓
2. Bonly joins by bolts✓
3. Conly extrudes polymer✓
4. Dmolten metal into mould cavity to solidify✓

Pattern in foundry is

1. Aonly cutting tool for lathe✓
2. Bonly welding electrode✓
3. Creplica of casting used to form mould cavity✓
4. Donly hydraulic seal✓

Moulding sand properties include

1. Aonly electrical conductivity high✓
2. Bpermeability, cohesiveness, refractoriness and collapsibility✓
3. Conly transparency✓
4. Donly magnetic permeability high always✓

Core in foundry creates

1. Ainternal cavities in casting✓
2. Bonly external riser✓
3. Conly gating sprue exclusively external✓
4. Donly pattern draft angle✓

Riser feeds

1. Aliquid metal to compensate solidification shrinkage✓
2. Bonly slag to mould✓
3. Conly air to cavity✓
4. Donly coolant water to core✓

Gating system includes

1. Aonly machining fixtures✓
2. Bpouring cup, sprue, runner and gates✓
3. Conly welding leads✓
4. Donly inspection gauge blocks✓

Chill in mould promotes

1. Aonly slower solidification everywhere✓
2. Bonly gas porosity deliberately✓
3. Cdirectional solidification and fine grain at surface✓
4. Donly sand fusion only✓

Casting defect misrun is

1. Aexcess metal flash only✓
2. Bonly intentional hole✓
3. Conly perfect casting✓
4. Dincomplete filling of mould cavity✓

Shrinkage cavity in casting is

1. Aonly surface oxide only✓
2. Bonly core shift only without void✓
3. Conly machining chip✓
4. Dvoid from insufficient feeding during solidification✓

Hot tearing (hot cracking) in casting occurs

1. Aonly at room temperature years later only✓
2. Bonly in liquid metal before pour✓
3. Cduring solidification with restraint✓
4. Donly in mould sand✓

Sand casting is

1. Aonly permanent die without sand ever✓
2. Bmost versatile casting using expendable sand mould✓
3. Conly investment for tiny parts only always✓
4. Donly continuous casting billet✓

Investment casting uses

1. Awax pattern coated with ceramic shell then melted out✓
2. Bonly dry sand without coating✓
3. Conly wooden pattern without shell✓
4. Donly welded plate fabrication✓

Die casting forces molten metal into

1. Ametal die under high pressure✓
2. Bonly sand mould by gravity alone✓
3. Conly plaster without pressure✓
4. Donly forge hammer✓

Centrifugal casting produces

1. Aonly flat sheet✓
2. Bhollow cylindrical parts by rotating mould✓
3. Conly powder compact✓
4. Donly welded pipe seam✓

Continuous casting makes

1. Aonly single jewellery piece✓
2. Bonly sand mould one-off✓
3. Cbillets, blooms, slabs by ongoing solidification✓
4. Donly wooden beam✓

Fettling in foundry means

1. Aonly pouring metal✓
2. Bonly melting scrap only✓
3. Conly pattern making only✓
4. Dremoving gates, risers and flash from casting✓

Permeability of sand allows

1. Aonly blocks all gas causing blows✓
2. Bonly increases moisture always bad without balance✓
3. Conly hardens core irreversibly only✓
4. Descape of gases during pouring✓

Cohesiveness (green strength) of sand mould

1. Aonly dissolves instantly in water always before pour✓
2. Bonly conducts electricity✓
3. Cholds shape until metal poured✓
4. Donly repels all moisture✓

Collapsibility of mould sand allows

1. Apermanent rigid mould always✓
2. Beasy shakeout without cracking casting during contraction✓
3. Conly increases casting stress during cooling✓
4. Donly welds casting to sand✓

Eutectic in cast iron near 4.3% C gives

1. Alowest melting mixture for good fluidity in hypoeutectic alloys context✓
2. Bonly martensite plates✓
3. Conly gas holes always✓
4. Donly pure copper✓

Heat-affected zone (HAZ) is

1. Aonly weld metal deposit✓
2. Bonly shielding gas envelope✓
3. Conly flux granules✓
4. Dbase metal region whose microstructure changed from welding heat✓

Preheat in welding reduces

1. Aalways increases hardness cracking risk without exception✓
2. Bonly electrode cost✓
3. Conly arc length✓
4. Dcooling rate and hydrogen cracking susceptibility✓

Hydrogen-induced cracking (cold cracking) is influenced by

1. Aonly paint colour✓
2. Bonly wind speed outdoors only on MIG always✓
3. Chydrogen, susceptible microstructure and restraint stress✓
4. Donly electrode diameter decorative✓

Crater crack forms at

1. Astart of weld only always✓
2. Bstop crater where shrinkage concentrates✓
3. Conly parent metal 100 mm away✓
4. Donly flux bucket✓

Slag inclusion in weld results from

1. Atrapped flux or slag not removed between passes✓
2. Bonly shielding gas argon✓
3. Conly tungsten tip✓
4. Donly preheat temperature alone✓

Lack of fusion (cold lap) means

1. Aweld metal not fused properly with base or previous pass✓
2. Bperfect bonding always✓
3. Conly excessive reinforcement✓
4. Donly slag inclusion beneficial✓

Undercut is a groove melted into

1. Acentre of weld bead only convex✓
2. Bbase metal at toe of weld leaving notch✓
3. Conly heat affected zone far away✓
4. Donly flux coating✓

Welding defect porosity is

1. Aonly surface colour change✓
2. Bonly excessive penetration beneficially✓
3. Cgas pockets trapped in weld metal✓
4. Donly parent metal hardness✓

DCEP in SMAW often used for

1. Aalways decreases penetration without exception all rods✓
2. Bonly aluminium TIG always✓
3. Conly submerged arc✓
4. Dcertain electrodes requiring more heat in electrode✓

Polarity DCEN in GTAW means

1. Aelectrode positive always shallow only✓
2. Balternating only✓
3. Cno current flow✓
4. Delectrode negative, deeper penetration into work✓

Welding transformer or inverter power source provides

1. Aonly compressed air for brakes✓
2. Bonly hydraulic oil pressure✓
3. Ccontrolled current/voltage for arc stability✓
4. Donly diesel torque✓

Resistance spot welding joins sheet metal by

1. Aonly ultrasonic vibration without current✓
2. Bpassing current through contact points creating heat✓
3. Conly bolt tension✓
4. Donly adhesive✓

Oxy-acetylene welding flame neutral balance is used for

1. Awelding and cutting steels with balanced combustion✓
2. Bonly carburizing always without oxygen adjustment✓
3. Conly oxidizing always✓
4. Donly water cooling✓

Submerged arc welding (SAW) features

1. Aarc hidden under granular flux blanket✓
2. Bopen arc without flux✓
3. Conly manual stick outdoors in wind✓
4. Donly plastic joint✓

MIG welding uses

1. Aonly tungsten non-consumable✓
2. Bconsumable wire electrode and shielding gas✓
3. Conly forge hammer✓
4. Donly rivets✓