Quality Control and Metrology MCQs 2026

Fishbone diagram categories often include

1. Aonly profit, loss, tax, audit✓
2. Bonly cricket, hockey✓
3. Conly latitude, longitude✓
4. DMan, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement, Environment✓

Root cause analysis tools include

1. Aonly random guessing✓
2. Bonly ignoring data✓
3. Conly increasing scrap✓
4. D5 Whys and fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram✓

Poka-yoke in quality prevents

1. Adefects by increasing inspection only after damage✓
2. Bonly increasing batch size✓
3. Cdefects by error-proofing the process✓
4. Donly hiding defects✓

First article inspection (FAI) verifies

1. Ainitial production part against drawing before full run✓
2. Bonly last part of million without first✓
3. Conly packaging labels✓
4. Donly marketing brochure✓

MMC bonus tolerance in GD&T allows

1. Aless tolerance always✓
2. Badditional tolerance as feature departs from maximum material condition✓
3. Czero tolerance always✓
4. Donly roughness increase✓

GD&T position tolerance zone for hole is typically

1. Aonly flat zone parallel to surface always for position✓
2. Bcylindrical zone where axis must lie✓
3. Conly colour band✓
4. Donly hardness zone✓

Preventive action aims to

1. Aeliminate potential nonconformity before occurrence✓
2. Breact only after customer complaint always✓
3. Conly increase sampling defects✓
4. Donly ignore trends✓

Reproducibility in GRR is variation when

1. Asame operator only✓
2. Bdifferent operators measure same parts✓
3. Conly environmental music✓
4. Donly paint colour✓

Repeatability in GRR is variation when

1. Asame operator measures same parts repeatedly✓
2. Bdifferent operators only✓
3. Cdifferent parts only✓
4. Ddifferent instruments only across plants✓

Gauge R&R study evaluates

1. Aonly part weight shipping✓
2. Bonly tool rake angle production✓
3. Crepeatability and reproducibility of measurement system✓
4. Donly furnace temperature process without gauge✓

Profile projector (shadowgraph) magnifies

1. Aonly internal chemistry✓
2. Bonly magnetic field✓
3. Csilhouette for thread and form inspection✓
4. Donly thermal conductivity✓

Corrective action differs from correction in that it

1. Aonly fixes immediate instance without cause analysis✓
2. Bonly documents without action✓
3. Celiminates root cause to prevent recurrence✓
4. Donly increases defect rate✓

Nonconforming product control requires

1. Amixing with good parts✓
2. Bshipping without record✓
3. Conly hiding from auditor✓
4. Didentification, segregation and disposition (rework, scrap, use-as-is)✓

Hardness testing in QC may use

1. Aonly vernier for hardness number✓
2. Bonly micrometer for HRC✓
3. Conly dial indicator for HB✓
4. DRockwell or Brinell for material verification✓

Fit symbol H7/g6 indicates

1. Aclearance fit with hole basis system✓
2. Binterference only✓
3. Conly shaft basis without hole H✓
4. Donly welding symbol✓

Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) develops

1. Aonly cricket rules✓
2. BPakistan Standards (PS) for products✓
3. Conly motorway speed limits exclusively✓
4. Donly university degrees exclusively✓

Unilateral tolerance on shaft maximum diameter example

1. Aequal bilateral ±0.5 always only✓
2. B25 mm maximum with no minimum stated beyond zero practically✓
3. Conly angle tolerance✓
4. Donly hardness range✓

Acceptance sampling inspects

1. Asample of lot to decide accept or reject batch✓
2. Bevery atom in universe✓
3. Conly supplier logo✓
4. Donly packaging colour without parts✓

Six Sigma quality level corresponds roughly to

1. A50% defects✓
2. B100% defects✓
3. C3.4 DPMO long-term✓
4. Dzero measurement✓

Process capability index Cpk measures

1. Aonly tool wear VB only✓
2. Bonly machine colour✓
3. Conly shipping weight✓
4. Dhow well process fits specification considering centering✓

Out-of-control signal on X-bar chart may show

1. Aonly points exactly on mean always✓
2. Bonly within 1σ always natural only without rules✓
3. Conly labels change✓
4. Dpoints outside control limits or non-random patterns✓

Control chart upper control limit typically set at

1. Amean only without spread✓
2. Bzero always✓
3. Cmean plus three sigma for variables chart✓
4. Dmean minus 3σ for UCL wrong✓

Statistical Process Control (SPC) uses

1. Acontrol charts to monitor process variation✓
2. Bonly final destructive test without data history✓
3. Conly operator opinion without data✓
4. Donly inventory ABC✓

CMM provides

1. Aonly 1D weight only✓
2. Bautomated 3D coordinate measurement of part features✓
3. Conly chemical assay✓
4. Donly sound level dB✓

Optical flat checks

1. Aonly thread pitch only✓
2. Bsurface flatness by interference fringes✓
3. Conly tensile strength✓
4. Donly colour hue artistic✓

Sine bar with slip gauges measures

1. Aangles accurately using trigonometry✓
2. Bonly hardness✓
3. Conly current amperes✓
4. Donly flow rate m³/s without trigonometry✓

Comparator magnifies

1. Aonly electrical voltage 1000x without mechanical part✓
2. Bonly mass 1000x✓
3. Csmall dimensional differences for inspection✓
4. Donly temperature without sensor✓

Rougher surface generally has

1. Alower Ra always✓
2. Bzero Ra always✓
3. CRa independent of profile✓
4. Dhigher Ra value✓

Surface roughness Ra is

1. Apeak-to-valley Rmax always same symbol✓
2. Bhardness number✓
3. Cdimensional tolerance zone✓
4. Darithmetic average of profile deviations from mean line✓

Thread gauge ensures

1. Aonly electrical continuity✓
2. Bonly paint thickness✓
3. Cpitch diameter and form within limits✓
4. Donly weight of bolt head only✓

Ring gauge checks

1. Aexternal shaft diameter✓
2. Bonly internal thread only✓
3. Conly flatness of plate only✓
4. Donly hardness✓

Plug gauge checks

1. Aonly shaft OD always✓
2. Bhole diameter✓
3. Conly thread pitch only without diameter✓
4. Donly surface finish only✓

GO and NO-GO gauges check

1. Aonly chemical composition quantitatively✓
2. Bwhether feature is within tolerance limits quickly✓
3. Conly colour shade✓
4. Donly sound frequency✓

Gauge blocks (slip gauges) are used for

1. Acalibrating and setting dimensional standards✓
2. Bonly cutting speed on lathe✓
3. Conly boiler pressure✓
4. Donly air humidity✓

Dial indicator measures

1. Aonly chemical pH✓
2. Bonly electrical power kW✓
3. Csmall linear displacements amplified on dial✓
4. Donly mass in tonnes only✓

Micrometer screw gauge measures using

1. Aonly laser triangulation always✓
2. Bonly magnetic flux✓
3. Conly water displacement✓
4. Dprecision screw and thimble scale✓

Least count of instrument is

1. Amaximum range only✓
2. Bonly parallax error✓
3. Conly calibration certificate number✓
4. Dsmallest measurable increment✓

Vernier caliper can measure

1. Aonly surface roughness Ra✓
2. Bonly hardness HRC✓
3. Cexternal, internal dimensions and depths with 0.02 or 0.05 mm resolution typically✓
4. Donly temperature✓

Precision of measurement means

1. Arepeatability or consistency of repeated measurements✓
2. Bcloseness to true value always same as accuracy term✓
3. Conly instrument colour✓
4. Donly operator height✓

Accuracy of measurement means

1. Arepeatability only without reference✓
2. Bcloseness to true or accepted reference value✓
3. Conly speed of measurement✓
4. Donly instrument cost✓

Metrology is the science of

1. Aonly metal casting✓
2. Bmeasurement and its application to standards✓
3. Conly motor racing✓
4. Donly meteorology weather exclusively✓

Quality control in manufacturing aims to

1. Aensure products meet specifications and customer requirements✓
2. Bmaximize defect rate✓
3. Celiminate all measurement✓
4. Dignore tolerances✓

Thermal expansion affects precision measurement; compensation uses

1. Acoefficient of expansion and temperature difference✓
2. Bonly paint colour✓
3. Conly operator gloves✓
4. Donly air pressure without temperature✓

Cosine error in measurement occurs when

1. Aonly random vibration✓
2. Bonly temperature zero✓
3. Cmeasuring axis not parallel to feature being measured✓
4. Donly humidity 100%✓

Abbe principle recommends

1. Amaximizing offset between axes✓
2. Bignoring alignment✓
3. Conly using flexible tape for precision✓
4. Dmeasuring axis aligned with standard axis to minimize cosine error✓

Parallax error in scale reading is reduced by

1. Areading at glancing angle deliberately✓
2. Busing only mirror without alignment✓
3. Cignoring scale✓
4. Daligning eye perpendicular to scale✓

Traceability in metrology chain links

1. Aonly factory floor without reference✓
2. Bonly random number✓
3. Cmeasurements to national or international primary standards✓
4. Donly operator memory✓

Calibration of instrument means

1. Acomparing and adjusting to traceable standard✓
2. Bonly cleaning exterior✓
3. Conly painting scale✓
4. Donly increasing range arbitrarily✓

ISO 9001 addresses

1. Aonly environmental emissions only ISO 14001✓
2. Bquality management system requirements✓
3. Conly occupational health ISO 45001✓
4. Donly welding rod chemistry only✓

AQL (Acceptable Quality Level) is

1. Aalways zero defects required in all sampling without economics✓
2. Bmaximum percent defective considered acceptable in sampling✓
3. Conly machine uptime✓
4. Donly tool rake angle✓