Mechatronics and Control Engineering MCQs 2026

Watchdog timer in embedded system

1. Aincreases hang duration deliberately✓
2. Bonly measures weight of enclosure✓
3. Conly logs sales data✓
4. Dresets system if software hangs✓

IoT in industrial mechatronics enables

1. Aconnected sensors and remote monitoring of machines✓
2. Bonly isolated manual machines without data✓
3. Conly paper logbooks exclusively✓
4. Donly mechanical abacus✓

MEMS sensors in mechatronics are

1. Amicro-scale integrated mechanical sensors✓
2. Bonly macro hydraulic accumulators✓
3. Conly boiler safety valves✓
4. Donly lathe bed casting✓

Vibration isolation mount reduces

1. Aall structural stiffness to zero destructively always✓
2. Btransmission of vibration to sensitive equipment✓
3. Celectrical voltage to zero✓
4. Dneed for any sensors✓

Compliance in mechanical transmission

1. Aincreases loop gain always beneficially✓
2. Bremoves all vibration✓
3. Cequals infinite rigidity✓
4. Dacts like spring reducing stiffness and bandwidth✓

Backlash in gear trains causes

1. Ainfinite precision improvement✓
2. Bdead zone and reduced positioning accuracy✓
3. Chigher feedback bandwidth always✓
4. Delimination of friction✓

Resolution of digital position sensor affects

1. Aonly motor winding resistance✓
2. Bonly oil viscosity✓
3. Csmallest detectable position increment✓
4. Donly room lighting✓

On-off (bang-bang) control drives actuator

1. Abetween two limits based on error sign✓
2. Bwith infinitely smooth analog signal always✓
3. Cwithout any hysteresis ever✓
4. Donly in open loop without sensor✓

Dead time (transport lag) in process control

1. Aimproves stability always✓
2. Beliminates need for feedback✓
3. Cdelays response and makes control more difficult✓
4. Dequals zero always in real plants✓

Cascaded control uses

1. Aonly one single P controller always✓
2. Binner fast loop and outer slow loop✓
3. Cno sensors inner loop✓
4. Donly manual open loop✓

Feedforward control uses

1. Aonly feedback after error occurs exclusively✓
2. Bno model of system ever✓
3. Conly random noise injection✓
4. Dmeasured disturbance to preemptively correct output✓

Adaptive control adjusts

1. Acontroller parameters online as plant changes✓
2. Bonly fixed gains forever✓
3. Conly mechanical drawings✓
4. Donly inventory ABC class✓

Fuzzy logic control is useful when

1. Aonly linear SISO with exact model always better only PID✓
2. Bno sensors available ever✓
3. Csystem is nonlinear and expert rules describe behaviour✓
4. Donly pure mathematics without linguistics✓

Solid-state relay (SSR) uses

1. Amechanical armature always✓
2. Bhydraulic pilot always✓
3. Csemiconductor switching without moving contacts✓
4. Dsteam chest slide valve✓

Relay output on PLC is suitable for

1. Aswitching moderate AC/DC loads like contactors✓
2. Bonly microamp sensor signals directly always without interface✓
3. Conly fibre optics long haul✓
4. Donly gamma radiation detection✓

Solenoid valve is

1. Aonly optical sensor✓
2. Bonly mechanical governor for steam turbine only✓
3. Celectromagnetically actuated fluid control valve✓
4. Donly lathe tailstock✓

Pneumatic actuator is preferred when

1. Amulti-megawatt power generation✓
2. Bfast lightweight motion at moderate force is needed✓
3. Cnuclear fusion containment✓
4. Dpermanent high vacuum sealing always✓

Hydraulic actuator in mechatronics offers

1. Azero force always✓
2. Bhigh force density in compact size✓
3. Conly works in vacuum✓
4. Dcannot be controlled✓

Forward kinematics computes

1. Aonly joint torques from temperature✓
2. Bend-effector pose from joint variables✓
3. Conly hydraulic hose length retail price✓
4. Donly PLC serial number✓

Inverse kinematics in robotics computes

1. Abattery voltage only✓
2. Bmotor paint colour✓
3. Cgear casting alloy only✓
4. Djoint angles for desired end-effector pose✓

ROS in robotics stands for

1. ARotary Oil Seal✓
2. BRapid Oscillation Spring✓
3. CRelay Output Switch only✓
4. DRobot Operating System (middleware framework)✓

Arduino platform is popular for

1. Aonly nuclear reactor design licensing✓
2. Bonly bridge pier foundation only✓
3. Conly textile dye chemistry only✓
4. Drapid prototyping of embedded mechatronics projects✓

Microcontroller differs from microprocessor by integrating

1. Aonly mechanical gears✓
2. BCPU, memory and peripherals on one chip✓
3. Conly hydraulic pistons✓
4. Donly boiler tubes✓

ADC converts

1. Aonly digital to analog always✓
2. Bonly mechanical gear ratio✓
3. Canalog signal to digital values✓
4. Donly hydraulic flow to colour✓

DAC converts

1. Adigital signal to analog voltage or current✓
2. Bonly mechanical torque to heat✓
3. Conly light to sound✓
4. Donly pressure to mass✓

DC servo motor speed control varies

1. Aonly paint colour on housing✓
2. Bonly gear material colour✓
3. Conly bearing grease brand only✓
4. Darmature voltage or field flux✓

Servo motor system typically includes

1. Amotor, feedback encoder and closed-loop control✓
2. Bonly manual crank✓
3. Conly relay timer without feedback✓
4. Donly spring return✓

Stepper motor moves in

1. Adiscrete angular steps per pulse✓
2. Bcontinuous smooth rotation only without pulses✓
3. Conly hydraulic linear motion✓
4. Donly pneumatic vibration✓

Phase margin is

1. Aonly DC offset error✓
2. Bonly supply current inrush✓
3. Cadditional phase lag before instability at gain crossover✓
4. Donly mechanical backlash only✓

Gain margin is

1. Atime delay in seconds only✓
2. Bmotor weight only✓
3. Camount gain can increase before instability✓
4. Dnumber of PLC rungs only✓

Bode plot displays

1. Amagnitude and phase versus frequency✓
2. Bonly time response step✓
3. Conly spatial coordinates✓
4. Donly temperature versus time only✓

Root locus shows

1. Aclosed-loop pole locations as gain varies✓
2. Bonly Bode magnitude at one frequency✓
3. Conly stepper motor steps✓
4. Donly hydraulic viscosity✓

Routh-Hurwitz criterion determines

1. Aonly steady-state error value✓
2. Bonly sensor calibration✓
3. Conly motor colour✓
4. Dstability without finding roots explicitly✓

Stability of linear system requires poles of closed-loop transfer function to have

1. Anegative real parts (left half s-plane)✓
2. Bpositive real parts✓
3. Conly imaginary parts on jω axis always✓
4. Dinfinite magnitude✓

PID controller combines

1. Aonly on-off bang-bang only✓
2. Bonly feedforward model only✓
3. Cproportional, integral and derivative actions✓
4. Donly mechanical spring only✓

Derivative (D) controller responds to

1. Aonly constant error magnitude✓
2. Bonly ambient humidity✓
3. Crate of change of error✓
4. Donly gear tooth count✓

Integral (I) controller eliminates

1. Aall oscillations instantly always✓
2. Bneed for sensors✓
3. Cactuator power✓
4. Dsteady-state error for step inputs in many systems✓

Proportional (P) controller action depends on

1. Aonly integral of past errors✓
2. Bonly future predicted error✓
3. Conly supply voltage ripple✓
4. Dpresent error magnitude✓

Transfer function relates

1. Aonly DC resistance✓
2. Bonly gear ratio in mechanical only without dynamics✓
3. CLaplace transform of output to input with zero initial conditions✓
4. Donly colour temperature✓

Open-loop control system

1. Adoes not use output feedback for correction✓
2. Balways has PID controller✓
3. Crequires encoder always✓
4. Dcannot have actuators✓

Closed-loop control system uses

1. Ano measurement of output ever✓
2. Bfeedback to compare output with reference and correct error✓
3. Conly open feedforward without sensing✓
4. Donly manual lever without sensors✓

Mechatronics integrates

1. Aonly civil surveying✓
2. Bmechanical, electrical, electronic and computer engineering✓
3. Conly textile weaving✓
4. Donly agricultural botany only✓

Proximity sensor inductive type detects

1. Aonly transparent glass always without special setup✓
2. Bonly wood at long range always✓
3. Conly gases✓
4. Dmetallic objects without contact✓

Strain gauge operates on

1. Achange in colour when heated only✓
2. Bmagnetic levitation only✓
3. Cultrasonic reflection only✓
4. Dchange in resistance when conductor is strained✓

Aliasing in digital control occurs when

1. Aoversampling is used✓
2. Banti-alias filter is perfect always✓
3. CADC has infinite bits✓
4. Dsignal is undersampled distorting frequency content✓

Photoelectric sensor modes include

1. Aonly ultrasonic pulse-echo only✓
2. Bonly strain gauge bridge only✓
3. Cthrough-beam, retro-reflective and diffuse✓
4. Donly thermocouple cold junction only✓

Capacitive proximity sensor can detect

1. Aonly ferrous metals exclusively✓
2. Bboth metallic and non-metallic materials✓
3. Conly vacuum✓
4. Donly X-rays✓

Resolver is

1. Arotary transformer for angular position sensing✓
2. Ba type of hydraulic valve only✓
3. Ca casting defect✓
4. Da welding electrode✓

Encoder provides

1. Aonly temperature of room✓
2. Bposition or velocity feedback as digital or analog signal✓
3. Conly chemical pH always✓
4. Donly acoustic music✓

Brushless DC motor uses

1. Amechanical brushes and commutator always✓
2. Belectronic commutation from rotor position feedback✓
3. Conly steam pressure✓
4. Donly hydraulic oil flow✓

Lag compensator typically improves

1. Aonly instability deliberately✓
2. Bsteady-state accuracy or reduces high-frequency noise sensitivity✓
3. Conly motor inertia to zero✓
4. Donly removes all feedback✓

LVDT measures

1. Alinear displacement✓
2. Brotational speed only✓
3. Cacoustic frequency only✓
4. Dhumidity only✓

PLC stands for

1. APneumatic Linear Compressor✓
2. BProgrammable Logic Controller✓
3. CPhase Locked Circuit only✓
4. DPortable Lift Crane✓

PLC scan cycle order typically is

1. Ainput scan, program execution, output update✓
2. Boutput before input always✓
3. Crandom order each scan✓
4. Donly manual relay wiring✓

Ladder logic resembles

1. Aonly C++ object classes only✓
2. Bonly SQL database queries✓
3. Crelay logic diagrams✓
4. Donly HTML web pages✓

SCADA system provides

1. Aonly hand sketching of circuits✓
2. Bsupervisory control and data acquisition over large facilities✓
3. Conly single thermostat✓
4. Donly mechanical pencil✓

HMI in automation is

1. AHydraulic Motor Inverter only✓
2. BHigh Melting Iron✓
3. CHelical Mesh Index✓
4. DHuman-Machine Interface for operator interaction✓

CAN bus is used in automotive mechatronics for

1. Aonly hydraulic pressure storage✓
2. Bonly steam generation✓
3. Conly sand casting moulding✓
4. Drobust multi-node serial communication✓

PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controls average power by

1. Akeeping duty cycle fixed always at 0%✓
2. Bonly changing carrier colour✓
3. Cvarying duty cycle of switching waveform✓
4. Donly using DC without switching✓

H-bridge circuit drives

1. Aonly AC induction motor without inverter✓
2. Breversible DC motor direction✓
3. Conly stepper in half-step only without bridge✓
4. Donly solenoid valve pneumatic✓

State-space model uses

1. Aonly static algebraic one equation✓
2. Bonly empirical colour chart✓
3. Conly Rockwell hardness✓
4. Dstate variables and first-order differential equations✓

Controllability means

1. Astates can be driven to desired values by inputs✓
2. Boutput is always zero✓
3. Csystem is always unstable✓
4. Dno actuators needed✓

Observability means

1. Ainputs are unknown always✓
2. Bstates can be determined from output measurements✓
3. Cno sensors exist✓
4. Dmodel has no outputs✓

Ziegler-Nichols tuning provides

1. Ainitial PID gains from step response or ultimate gain test✓
2. Bgear tooth profile✓
3. Ccasting riser size✓
4. Dboiler blowdown rate only✓

Lead compensator improves

1. Aonly steady-state error without integral always alone✓
2. Bonly mechanical backlash✓
3. Cphase margin and transient response speed✓
4. Donly sensor cable length only✓

Sampling theorem (Nyquist) requires sampling frequency at least

1. Ahalf the highest frequency✓
2. Btwice the highest frequency component✓
3. Cequal to DC only✓
4. Dzero Hz✓

EMI shielding in mechatronics prevents

1. Aall useful communication always✓
2. Bonly mechanical lubrication✓
3. Celectromagnetic interference affecting signals✓
4. Donly casting shrinkage✓

Thermocouple generates voltage based on

1. Apiezoelectric pressure only✓
2. BHall effect only✓
3. CSeebeck effect at junction of dissimilar metals✓
4. Dphotoelectric effect only✓

RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) commonly uses

1. Awater column✓
2. Brubber band✓
3. Cwood stick✓
4. Dplatinum element✓

Grounding and earthing proper practice reduces

1. Anoise and shock hazard in electrical systems✓
2. Bsignal quality always negatively✓
3. Cneed for insulation✓
4. Dsafety compliance✓