Presentation of Data MCQs 2026

Equal class widths in a histogram are preferred because

1. Aunequal widths never matter✓
2. Bonly aesthetics require it✓
3. Cbar area then represents frequency proportionally✓
4. Dfrequencies must be cumulative✓

Negative skew in a histogram appears as

1. Aa tail extending to the right only✓
2. Ba tail extending toward lower values on the left✓
3. Csymmetric bell shape only✓
4. Dequal mean and median always✓

Positive skew in a histogram appears as

1. Aa tail extending toward higher values on the right✓
2. Ba tail extending toward lower values on the left✓
3. Cperfect symmetry always✓
4. Dzero frequency in all classes✓

In a boxplot, the box spans

1. Athe full range from minimum to maximum always✓
2. Bonly the mean ± 1 SD✓
3. Cthe interquartile range from Q1 to Q3✓
4. Donly the mode to median✓

A boxplot (box-and-whisker) shows

1. Amedian, quartiles and potential outliers✓
2. Bonly the mode and range without quartiles✓
3. Conly cumulative frequencies✓
4. Donly regression line slope✓

In a stem-and-leaf plot for 23, 25, 27 the stem 2 might show leaves

1. A23 25 27 as one leaf✓
2. Bonly the mean 25✓
3. Conly the range 4✓
4. D3 5 7✓

Stem-and-leaf display is useful because it

1. Adestroys all original digits✓
2. Bpreserves actual data values while showing shape✓
3. Conly works for nominal data✓
4. Dcannot show more than 10 observations✓

A line graph is most suitable for

1. Aunordered nominal categories only✓
2. Bparts of a single whole at one time✓
3. Copen-ended class intervals without order✓
4. Dshowing trends over time✓

An ogive (cumulative frequency curve) plots

1. Aonly class midpoints against simple frequency✓
2. Bonly raw values in stem-and-leaf form✓
3. Ccumulative frequency against upper class boundaries✓
4. Donly deciles without cumulative totals✓

A frequency polygon is constructed by

1. Ajoining class midpoints at their frequencies✓
2. Bjoining upper class limits without midpoints✓
3. Cplotting raw data only without grouping✓
4. Dusing only cumulative frequencies at lower limits✓

A pie chart displays

1. Aexact frequencies of many classes with 20 intervals✓
2. Bcorrelation between two variables✓
3. Ctime series seasonality only✓
4. Dparts of a whole as sectors proportional to percentages✓

A bar chart is appropriate for

1. Acomparing discrete or categorical data✓
2. Bcontinuous frequency densities only✓
3. Ctime series with connected lines only✓
4. Dcumulative distributions only✓

In a histogram, adjacent bars touch because

1. Aall variables are nominal✓
2. Bthe variable is continuous or grouped continuously✓
3. Cfrequencies must always decrease✓
4. Dclasses must have unequal widths✓

A histogram is used for

1. Ashowing trends over time with points joined✓
2. Bcomparing unrelated categories with separated bars✓
3. Cdisplaying the frequency distribution of continuous or grouped data✓
4. Dshowing cumulative percentages only✓

Class mark (midpoint) of 20–29 is

1. A20✓
2. B29✓
3. C22✓
4. D24.5✓

Class boundaries are used when

1. Aclasses are expressed as discrete limits and continuity is assumed✓
2. Bdata are purely nominal✓
3. Cno grouping is applied✓
4. Donly pie charts are drawn✓

A class interval in a grouped frequency distribution is

1. Aalways the mean of the data✓
2. Bonly the highest observation✓
3. Cthe range of values included in one class✓
4. Donly the sample size✓

A frequency distribution shows

1. Aonly the mean and median without classes✓
2. Bhow observations are distributed across classes or values✓
3. Conly probabilities of future events✓
4. Donly regression coefficients✓

A scatter diagram displays

1. Aone variable only in classes✓
2. Bpaired observations of two quantitative variables✓
3. Conly ranked ordinal categories✓
4. Donly cumulative percentages✓

The main purpose of data presentation is to

1. Ahide variation deliberately✓
2. Bcommunicate patterns clearly and accurately✓
3. Cavoid all labels and titles✓
4. Dreplace all analysis with graphs only✓

Side-by-side bar charts are useful to compare

1. Asubgroups across categories✓
2. Bonly one series over time✓
3. Conly a single numeric variable distribution✓
4. Donly correlation strength✓

A cumulative percentage ogive reaches

1. A50% at the first class always✓
2. B0% at the maximum value✓
3. C200% at the last boundary✓
4. D100% at the end of the distribution✓

Grouped data class 30–39 with frequency 12 means

1. Athe mean is 30✓
2. Bthe median is 39✓
3. C12 observations fall in that interval (per stated limits)✓
4. Dthe total sample is 12 only✓

In CSS statistics, presentation questions often require

1. Aderiving maximum likelihood estimators only✓
2. Bchoosing the correct graph for data type✓
3. Csolving differential equations only✓
4. Dproving central limit theorem from scratch✓

A frequency curve is a smooth curve fitted to

1. Aonly nominal categories without order✓
2. Bonly two data points✓
3. Ca frequency distribution✓
4. Donly hypothesis test results✓

Percentiles divide ordered data into

1. Aten parts only✓
2. Bonly quartiles✓
3. Conly deciles with no finer splits✓
4. Dhundred equal parts✓

Deciles divide ordered data into

1. Aten equal parts✓
2. Btwo equal parts only✓
3. Cfour equal parts only✓
4. Done hundred equal parts only✓

A table showing rows as regions and columns as products sold is

1. Aa time series table✓
2. Ba cross-tabulation or contingency table✓
3. Ca stem-and-leaf plot✓
4. Da Lorenz curve✓

To convert a histogram to frequency polygon, one often adds

1. Aonly the median class✓
2. Bonly outliers as separate polygons✓
3. Czero-frequency classes at both ends✓
4. Donly cumulative totals✓

Class limits 10–19 and 20–29 are

1. Adiscrete stated endpoints of classes✓
2. Balways the same as class boundaries✓
3. Calways equal to quartiles✓
4. Dalways the cumulative frequency✓

A pictogram uses

1. Aonly mathematical integrals✓
2. Bonly boxplot whiskers✓
3. Conly correlation coefficients✓
4. Dpictures or icons to represent quantities✓

If total frequency is 50 and a class has frequency 10, relative frequency is

1. A0.10✓
2. B0.20✓
3. C0.50✓
4. D5.0✓

For grouped data 10–19 (f=5), 20–29 (f=8), total frequency is

1. A5✓
2. B8✓
3. C21✓
4. D13✓

Misleading graphs often involve

1. Alabeling both axes clearly✓
2. Busing consistent scales✓
3. Ctruncated vertical axes that exaggerate differences✓
4. Dshowing source of data✓

A contingency table cross-classifies data by

1. Atwo categorical variables✓
2. Bone continuous variable over time✓
3. Conly cumulative frequencies✓
4. Donly deciles of one variable✓

Open-ended class intervals such as "60 and above" affect

1. Aonly pie charts but not histograms✓
2. Bcomputation of mean from grouped data unless assumed midpoint✓
3. Conly ratio scale definition✓
4. Donly sample size n✓

A frequency table for qualitative data lists

1. Acategories and their counts or percentages✓
2. Bonly class midpoints for continuous data✓
3. Conly regression residuals✓
4. Donly probability density functions✓

Cumulative frequency up to a class gives

1. Aonly the class midpoint✓
2. Bonly the variance of that class✓
3. Cthe count of observations less than or equal to that class upper limit✓
4. Donly the mode of the dataset✓

Percentage frequency is

1. Atotal frequency divided by 100✓
2. Bclass width times frequency✓
3. Cstandard deviation of the class✓
4. Drelative frequency multiplied by 100✓

Relative frequency of a class is

1. Aclass frequency multiplied by 100 only without dividing by n✓
2. Btotal frequency divided by class frequency✓
3. Cmean of class limits✓
4. Dclass frequency divided by total number of observations✓