Sports Nutrition and Health MCQs 2026

Macronutrients required in large amounts by athletes are

1. Acarbohydrates, proteins and fats✓
2. Bonly vitamins and minerals✓
3. Conly water and fibre alone✓
4. Donly caffeine and creatine✓

Carbohydrates are the primary fuel for

1. Aonly bone formation exclusively✓
2. Bonly vitamin D synthesis✓
3. Conly joint lubrication alone✓
4. Dmoderate to high-intensity exercise and glycogen storage✓

Proteins in sports nutrition mainly support

1. Aonly immediate sprint ATP without other fuels✓
2. Bonly hydration status alone✓
3. Conly body temperature regulation only✓
4. Dmuscle repair, growth and enzyme formation✓

Dietary fats are important for athletes because they

1. Ashould be eliminated entirely always✓
2. Breplace all need for carbohydrates✓
3. Cprovide concentrated energy and essential fatty acids✓
4. Dprevent all need for water✓

Glycogen is stored mainly in

1. Aonly the skin✓
2. Bmuscles and the liver✓
3. Conly tooth enamel✓
4. Donly red blood cell nuclei✓

Carbohydrate loading aims to

1. Adeplete all fluids deliberately✓
2. Bmaximize glycogen stores before endurance competition✓
3. Celiminate protein intake entirely✓
4. Davoid eating for 72 hours✓

Daily protein needs for strength athletes are generally

1. Azero for all athletes✓
2. Blower than sedentary people always✓
3. Cmet only by vitamin pills✓
4. Dhigher than sedentary individuals to support repair✓

Complete proteins contain

1. Aonly fibre and water✓
2. Ball essential amino acids in adequate amounts✓
3. Cno nitrogen✓
4. Donly simple sugars✓

Hydration in sport is critical because

1. Awater loss impairs performance, thermoregulation and cognition✓
2. Bsweating improves performance without limit✓
3. Cdehydration never affects heart rate✓
4. Dfluids are needed only after competition✓

Hypohydration refers to

1. Aa state of insufficient body water relative to needs✓
2. Bexcess body water only✓
3. Cnormal euhydration✓
4. Dhigh blood sodium from overdrinking only✓

A practical sign of significant dehydration during exercise is

1. Aclear abundant urine mid-session always✓
2. Blower heart rate always✓
3. Cimproved coordination always✓
4. Ddark urine, thirst, dizziness or reduced sweat rate✓

Sports drinks often contain carbohydrates and electrolytes to

1. Areplace energy and sodium lost in sweat during prolonged exercise✓
2. Breplace all protein needs instantly✓
3. Celiminate need for warm-up✓
4. Dprevent all injuries✓

Hyponatremia in endurance sport can result from

1. Adrinking no fluids at all✓
2. Beating too much protein only✓
3. Cexcessive plain water intake without adequate sodium✓
4. Dstretching before the race only✓

Pre-exercise meal timing is commonly recommended

1. A30 seconds before start always✓
2. Babout 2–4 hours before event for digestion and glycogen availability✓
3. Cimmediately at finish line✓
4. D12 hours after competition only✓

Pre-exercise nutrition should emphasize

1. Afamiliar, easily digested carbohydrates with moderate protein and low excess fat✓
2. Bhigh-fat heavy meals right before start✓
3. Cnovel foods never tried before✓
4. Dalcohol for relaxation✓

During exercise nutrition is most beneficial when

1. Awalking 5 minutes once a week✓
2. Bsleeping 8 hours✓
3. Cactivity exceeds about 60–90 minutes at moderate to high intensity✓
4. Dstatic stretching only✓

Post-exercise nutrition priorities include

1. Aavoiding all food for 24 hours✓
2. Bcarbohydrates to refill glycogen and protein to support repair✓
3. Calcohol immediately✓
4. Donly salt without fluids✓

The post-exercise recovery window often emphasizes feeding within

1. Aone week later only✓
2. Broughly 30 minutes to 2 hours after hard training✓
3. Cbefore warm-up only✓
4. Dnever after team sports✓

BMI is calculated as

1. Aheight divided by weight✓
2. Bwaist divided by hip only✓
3. Cage multiplied by weight✓
4. Dweight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared✓

BMI is best described as

1. Aa precise measure of muscle quality✓
2. Ba test of VO2 max✓
3. Ca population screening index, not a direct measure of body fat or fitness✓
4. Da diagnosis of sport talent✓

A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is generally classified as

1. Anormal weight for adults✓
2. Bunderweight always✓
3. Cobese class II✓
4. Dseverely malnourished only✓

Athletes with high muscle mass may have

1. Aalways low BMI✓
2. Belevated BMI despite low body fat✓
3. CBMI unrelated to mass✓
4. Dno need for body composition assessment✓

Iron deficiency in female endurance athletes may cause

1. Aimproved VO2 max automatically✓
2. Bexcess hemoglobin always✓
3. Cno effect on performance✓
4. Dfatigue, reduced endurance and impaired oxygen transport✓

Calcium and vitamin D are important for athletes for

1. Areplacing all carbohydrates✓
2. Bpreventing all muscle strains instantly✓
3. Cbone health and muscle function✓
4. Deliminating hydration needs✓

Energy balance means

1. Aprotein equals fat always✓
2. Bcalories consumed roughly match calories expended over time✓
3. Cwater equals sodium always✓
4. Dcarbs are never stored✓

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) involves

1. Ainsufficient energy availability harming health and performance✓
2. Bunlimited calorie intake always✓
3. Conly dehydration✓
4. Donly external burns✓

Fibre in an athlete's diet supports

1. Adigestive health and satiety✓
2. Bimmediate ATP for sprinting alone✓
3. Creplacement of electrolytes in sweat✓
4. Dmuscle contractile protein synthesis directly✓

Antioxidant-rich foods in moderation support

1. Aguaranteed record-breaking performance✓
2. Breplacement of training✓
3. Coverall health; megadoses are not proven to boost performance✓
4. Delimination of all muscle damage✓

Caffeine as an ergogenic aid may

1. Areplace sleep indefinitely✓
2. Bcure dehydration✓
3. Creduce perceived effort and enhance endurance at moderate doses✓
4. Dprevent all cramps without training✓

Creatine supplementation is most associated with benefits in

1. Aultramarathon only without carbs✓
2. Bshort, high-intensity repeated efforts like sprints and lifts✓
3. Cpure flexibility gains only✓
4. Dinjury first aid✓

WADA prohibits certain supplements when they contain

1. Aall vitamins unconditionally✓
2. Bbanned substances or cause positive doping tests✓
3. Call water intake✓
4. Dall carbohydrates✓

A food-first approach in sports nutrition means

1. Ameeting needs primarily through whole foods before relying on supplements✓
2. Bignoring diet and using pills only✓
3. Cavoiding all fluids✓
4. Deating only processed snacks✓

Periodized nutrition aligns intake with

1. Atraining cycles, competition and recovery phases✓
2. Brandom eating without plan✓
3. Conly off-season fasting always✓
4. Dno relation to workload✓

Vegetarian athletes should pay attention to

1. Aeliminating all protein✓
2. Bavoiding all grains✓
3. Cprotein quality, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and omega-3 sources✓
4. Dnever eating legumes✓

Pre-event caffeine timing is often

1. Aimmediately after cooldown only✓
2. Bone week before✓
3. Cduring sleep only✓
4. Dabout 60 minutes before exercise for peak blood levels✓

Sodium is the main electrolyte lost in

1. Asweat during prolonged exercise✓
2. Bbone fractures✓
3. Cstatic stretching✓
4. Dmeditation✓

Overweight in sport health screening uses BMI alongside

1. Awaist measure, body composition and clinical context✓
2. Bshoe size only✓
3. Chair colour only✓
4. Ddominant hand only✓

Under-fuelling before competition commonly leads to

1. Aunlimited endurance always✓
2. Bearly fatigue, poor concentration and reduced power✓
3. Cimproved glycogen without eating✓
4. Dlower core temperature always✓

Omega-3 fatty acids may support athletes through

1. Ainstant muscle hypertrophy without training✓
2. Bcomplete hydration replacement✓
3. Canti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits✓
4. Dfracture reduction without calcium✓

Meal planning for travelling athletes should consider

1. Aignoring local cuisine entirely always✓
2. Balcohol with every meal✓
3. Cfood safety, availability, jet lag and competition schedule✓
4. Dskipping breakfast always on race day✓

Glycemic index indicates

1. Aprotein digestibility only✓
2. Bhow quickly a carbohydrate food raises blood glucose✓
3. Cfat saturation only✓
4. Dvitamin C content only✓

Low-GI carbs before endurance may help

1. Acause immediate cramping always✓
2. Bsustain energy with steadier glucose release✓
3. Creplace electrolytes in sweat✓
4. Deliminate need for warm-up✓

Eating disorder risk in sport warrants

1. Aignoring weight comments✓
2. Bforced public weigh-ins without support✓
3. Cscreening, education and referral to qualified professionals✓
4. Dpunishing food choices✓

Vitamin D deficiency can affect athletes through

1. Aimproved calcium excretion always✓
2. Bunlimited sun without risk always✓
3. Cno relation to immunity✓
4. Dimpaired bone health and muscle function✓

Protein distribution across the day may benefit recovery by

1. Aone single weekly meal only✓
2. Bavoiding protein after training✓
3. Ceating protein only at midnight✓
4. Dproviding repeated amino acid availability for synthesis✓

Sports nutrition for youth athletes emphasizes

1. Aadequate energy, calcium, iron and growth-appropriate training load✓
2. Badult-only supplement stacks always✓
3. Csevere restrictive dieting✓
4. Dmaximal caffeine use✓

Alcohol after competition impairs

1. Aglycogen storage positively always✓
2. Bprotein synthesis enhancement✓
3. Cinjury healing acceleration✓
4. Drecovery, hydration and sleep quality✓

A registered sports dietitian helps athletes by

1. Aprescribing banned drugs✓
2. Breplacing coaches entirely✓
3. Cindividualizing fuel, hydration and supplement plans safely✓
4. Ddiagnosing fractures alone✓

Monitoring weight daily in sport should be done

1. Aas the sole measure of fitness✓
2. Bpublicly shaming athletes✓
3. Cwithout hydration consideration✓
4. Dwith context, avoiding unhealthy fixation; track trends not single readings✓

Electrolyte tablets during long events help when

1. Aathlete drinks no fluids at all✓
2. Bactivity lasts under five minutes only✓
3. Call protein needs are already met✓
4. Dheavy sweating causes significant sodium loss over hours✓

Electrolyte tablets during long events help when

1. Aathlete drinks no fluids at all✓
2. Bactivity lasts under five minutes only✓
3. Call protein needs are already met✓
4. Dheavy sweating causes significant sodium loss over hours✓

Glycogen is stored mainly in

1. Aonly the skin✓
2. Bmuscles and the liver✓
3. Conly tooth enamel✓
4. Donly red blood cell nuclei✓

Dietary fats are important for athletes because they

1. Ashould be eliminated entirely always✓
2. Breplace all need for carbohydrates✓
3. Cprovide concentrated energy and essential fatty acids✓
4. Dprevent all need for water✓

Proteins in sports nutrition mainly support

1. Aonly immediate sprint ATP without other fuels✓
2. Bonly hydration status alone✓
3. Conly body temperature regulation only✓
4. Dmuscle repair, growth and enzyme formation✓

Carbohydrates are the primary fuel for

1. Aonly bone formation exclusively✓
2. Bonly vitamin D synthesis✓
3. Conly joint lubrication alone✓
4. Dmoderate to high-intensity exercise and glycogen storage✓

Macronutrients required in large amounts by athletes are

1. Acarbohydrates, proteins and fats✓
2. Bonly vitamins and minerals✓
3. Conly water and fibre alone✓
4. Donly caffeine and creatine✓