Field Crop Production: Wheat, Rice and Maize MCQs 2026

The main purpose of puddling in rice culture is to

1. AIncrease soil cracking for deep aeration✓
2. BConvert rice into a perennial crop✓
3. CInduce vernalization in seedlings✓
4. DReduce percolation and provide a soft bed for transplanting✓

Leaf rust of wheat is commonly associated with the pathogen

1. AXanthomonas oryzae✓
2. BUstilago maydis✓
3. CPuccinia triticina✓
4. DSclerotium rolfsii✓

The botanical family of wheat, rice and maize is

1. APoaceae✓
2. BFabaceae✓
3. CBrassicaceae✓
4. DSolanaceae✓

The common bread wheat grown in Pakistan is botanically known as

1. ATriticum durum✓
2. BOryza sativa✓
3. CTriticum aestivum✓
4. DZea mays✓

The inflorescence of wheat is called a

1. APanicle✓
2. BSpike✓
3. CRaceme✓
4. DCapitulum✓

The nutrient most closely associated with tillering and vegetative growth in wheat is

1. ABoron✓
2. BCalcium✓
3. CMolybdenum✓
4. DNitrogen✓

A very critical first irrigation stage in wheat is

1. ACrown root initiation✓
2. BHard dough stage✓
3. CPhysiological maturity✓
4. DPost-harvest dormancy✓

In Pakistan, wheat is primarily grown as a

1. AKharif crop✓
2. BRabi crop✓
3. CZaid vegetable crop✓
4. DPerennial fodder crop✓

A common seed rate for line-sown irrigated wheat is about

1. A10 to 15 kg per hectare✓
2. B300 to 350 kg per hectare✓
3. C2 to 3 kg per hectare✓
4. D100 to 125 kg per hectare✓

Loose smut of wheat is best managed at sowing by

1. AFlooding the field for three weeks✓
2. BTreating seed with a suitable systemic fungicide✓
3. CApplying zinc sulphate only✓
4. DRemoving flag leaves manually✓

Terminal heat stress in wheat most directly reduces yield by shortening

1. AGrain filling duration✓
2. BSeed dormancy period✓
3. CPuddling time✓
4. DPanicle exertion✓

Phalaris minor in wheat fields is a

1. ABroad-leaved pulse crop✓
2. BFungal disease✓
3. CStorage insect✓
4. DGrassy weed✓

For safe storage, wheat grain moisture should generally be reduced to about

1. A25 percent✓
2. B12 percent✓
3. C35 percent✓
4. D50 percent✓

The botanical name of cultivated Asian rice is

1. AOryza glaberrima✓
2. BTriticum aestivum✓
3. COryza sativa✓
4. DAvena sativa✓

Transplanted lowland rice is best adapted to

1. APuddled and flooded soil conditions✓
2. BDeep dry sandy dunes✓
3. CPermanent frost conditions✓
4. DRocky rainfed hilltops only✓

Rice seedlings are commonly ready for transplanting at about

1. A3 to 5 days after nursery sowing✓
2. B25 to 35 days after nursery sowing✓
3. C90 to 110 days after nursery sowing✓
4. DAfter full grain maturity✓

Rice is especially sensitive to water stress around

1. ASeed storage only✓
2. BAfter complete threshing✓
3. CPanicle initiation and flowering✓
4. DBefore nursery bed preparation only✓

Rice blast disease is caused by

1. AMagnaporthe oryzae✓
2. BPuccinia graminis✓
3. CAlternaria brassicae✓
4. DErwinia amylovora✓

Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by

1. AUstilago tritici✓
2. BXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae✓
3. CHelminthosporium maydis✓
4. DFusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum✓

Brown planthopper damages rice mainly by

1. ACutting roots like a white grub✓
2. BBoring into wheat stems only✓
3. CSucking phloem sap and causing hopper burn✓
4. DEating stored grain in godowns✓

Basmati rice is valued mainly for

1. AVery high oil content✓
2. BUnderground pods✓
3. CBlue seed colour✓
4. DAroma and long slender grains✓

Direct seeded rice requires particularly careful management of

1. AWeeds✓
2. BFruit pruning✓
3. CTuber dormancy✓
4. DLatex flow✓

Zinc deficiency in rice often appears as

1. APurple lint formation✓
2. BBronzing and stunted growth✓
3. CRed rot in canes✓
4. DLeaf miner galleries only✓

Alternate wetting and drying in rice is primarily used to

1. AMake the crop fully perennial✓
2. BIncrease seed dormancy before sowing✓
3. CSave irrigation water without maintaining continuous flooding✓
4. DReplace all fertilizer use✓

The botanical name of maize is

1. AZea mays✓
2. BSorghum bicolor✓
3. CPennisetum glaucum✓
4. DHordeum vulgare✓

Maize is physiologically classified as a

1. AC3 legume✓
2. BCAM cactus only✓
3. CAquatic fern✓
4. DC4 crop✓

The male inflorescence of maize is the

1. AEar✓
2. BTassel✓
3. CPanicle of rice✓
4. DCapitulum✓

The female inflorescence of maize develops as the

1. ATassel✓
2. BSpike of wheat✓
3. CEar or cob✓
4. DUmbel✓

Pollination in maize is mainly

1. AWind assisted and cross-pollinated✓
2. BSelf-pollinated inside a closed flower only✓
3. CCarried out by water currents✓
4. DDependent on grafting✓

The most critical moisture stress period in maize is around

1. ASeed cleaning after harvest✓
2. BTasseling and silking✓
3. CDeep winter dormancy✓
4. DPost-ginning storage✓

A common plant spacing for hybrid maize is close to

1. A10 m between rows and 5 m between plants✓
2. BBroadcasting without any spacing✓
3. C1 cm between rows and plants✓
4. D75 cm between rows and 20 to 25 cm between plants✓

Nitrogen fertilizer in maize is commonly applied in

1. AOne dose after shelling only✓
2. BOnly as foliar boron✓
3. CSplit doses✓
4. DNo form at any stage✓

Fall armyworm in maize typically feeds in the

1. AWhorl leaves and developing ears✓
2. BStored wheat flour only✓
3. CRice nursery roots only✓
4. DSugarcane setts only✓

Stalk rot in maize is often favoured by

1. AOnly very low plant population✓
2. BPlant stress and poor drainage✓
3. CAbsence of all nitrogen✓
4. DCold storage of seed✓

Appearance of the black layer in maize grain indicates

1. ANursery readiness✓
2. BStart of puddling✓
3. CLeaf rust infection✓
4. DPhysiological maturity✓

Maize grain for safe storage is usually dried to about

1. A12 to 13 percent moisture✓
2. B35 to 40 percent moisture✓
3. C60 percent moisture✓
4. DField capacity moisture✓

Line sowing with a seed drill in cereals mainly ensures

1. APermanent flooding without irrigation✓
2. BRemoval of all pathogens✓
3. CUniform seed depth and spacing✓
4. DConversion of C3 crops to C4 crops✓

Zero tillage wheat after rice is promoted because it can

1. AEliminate the need for seed✓
2. BSave time, soil moisture and cultivation cost✓
3. CMake wheat a Kharif crop✓
4. DPrevent all insects without scouting✓

A common constraint in the rice-wheat system is

1. AAbsence of any weed pressure✓
2. BLack of grain markets for cereals✓
3. CNeed to grow only perennial cereals✓
4. DDelayed wheat sowing after late rice harvest✓

Balanced use of NPK in cereal production helps to

1. AImprove yield and reduce nutrient imbalance problems✓
2. BStop photosynthesis at flowering✓
3. CReplace irrigation permanently✓
4. DCreate seed dormancy in all grains✓

Lodging in wheat is commonly promoted by excessive

1. ASeed cleaning✓
2. BNitrogen and irrigation✓
3. CDry storage✓
4. DHarvesting at maturity✓

Deep placement of urea briquettes in transplanted rice helps reduce

1. AGrain aroma✓
2. BRoot formation✓
3. CNitrogen losses✓
4. DSeed viability✓

Hybrid maize seed is preferred mainly because of

1. AComplete resistance to every disease✓
2. BAbility to grow without water✓
3. CAbsence of pollen shedding✓
4. DHeterosis and higher yield potential✓

Seed treatment in wheat is mainly used to manage

1. ASeed-borne and soil-borne diseases✓
2. BGrain marketing grades only✓
3. CCombine harvester speed✓
4. DRice aroma✓

Incorporation of rice straw before wheat can temporarily immobilize

1. ASodium chloride only✓
2. BNitrogen✓
3. CSunlight✓
4. DCarbon dioxide in air✓

Vernalization in wheat refers to the effect of

1. AFlooding seedbeds for puddling✓
2. BDrying grain for storage✓
3. CLow temperature exposure promoting flowering✓
4. DRemoving awns by threshing✓

The flag leaf of wheat is important because it contributes greatly to

1. AGinning percentage✓
2. BOil extraction✓
3. CSilk emergence✓
4. DPhotosynthate for grain filling✓

Transplanting younger, healthy rice seedlings generally helps promote

1. ABetter tillering and reduced transplanting shock✓
2. BPermanent seed dormancy✓
3. CComplete elimination of irrigation✓
4. DConversion to maize crop✓

The silk of maize primarily functions in

1. AStoring starch after harvest✓
2. BProducing male pollen only✓
3. CFixing atmospheric nitrogen✓
4. DReceiving pollen grains for fertilization✓

Proper crop rotation in wheat, rice and maize systems helps to

1. ARemove the need for harvest✓
2. BMake all crops perennial✓
3. CBreak pest cycles and maintain soil health✓
4. DPrevent seed germination✓

Maize in Pakistan is used for

1. Aonly textile fiber✓
2. Bonly sugar milling✓
3. Cfood, feed and industrial purposes✓
4. Donly rubber latex✓

The leading staple food crop of Pakistan is

1. Awheat✓
2. Btea✓
3. Ccoffee✓
4. Drubber✓

Wheat in Pakistan is sown mainly in

1. Apeak Kharif only✓
2. Bmid-monsoon only✓
3. CRabi season (Oct–Dec)✓
4. Dpermanent summer flood✓

Recommended wheat sowing in many irrigated plains is often around

1. AJuly only✓
2. BMarch only✓
3. Cpermanent May sowing✓
4. Dfirst fortnight of November (zone-dependent)✓

A widely grown bread wheat type in Pakistan is

1. AOryza sativa✓
2. BGossypium hirsutum✓
3. CSaccharum officinarum✓
4. DTriticum aestivum✓

Rust diseases of wheat include

1. Aonly powdery mildew of mango✓
2. Bonly citrus canker✓
3. Conly banana bunchy top✓
4. Dstripe (yellow), leaf (brown) and stem (black) rusts✓

Late-sown wheat in Pakistan often suffers from

1. Aterminal heat stress during grain filling✓
2. Bexcess cold at harvest always✓
3. Cmonsoon flooding of spikes✓
4. Dzero yield loss risk✓

Rice is primarily a

1. ARabi oilseed✓
2. Bwinter pulse only✓
3. Ctemperate berry✓
4. DKharif cereal crop✓

Basmati rice is especially associated with

1. Aonly animal feed grade✓
2. Bzero aroma✓
3. Caromatic long-grain quality and export markets✓
4. Donly broken rice for industry✓

IRRI-type coarse rice in Pakistan is often called

1. Aonly durum wheat✓
2. Bonly hybrid maize✓
3. Conly sugar beet✓
4. DIRRI / non-basmati (coarse) rice✓

Puddled transplanted rice culture involves

1. Asoil puddling and transplanting seedlings from nursery✓
2. Bdry broadcasting only in deserts✓
3. Czero water after sowing✓
4. Donly drip without flooding✓

A major rice-producing province of Pakistan is

1. Aonly Balochistan highlands✓
2. Bonly Gilgit alpine zone✓
3. CPunjab (also significant in Sindh)✓
4. Donly coastal mangroves✓

Bacterial leaf blight and blast are important diseases of

1. Awheat only✓
2. Bcotton lint only✓
3. Csugarcane setts only✓
4. Drice✓

Cotton is Pakistan's major

1. Astaple winter cereal✓
2. Bfiber cash crop✓
3. Ctemperate fruit✓
4. Daquatic forage✓

Upland cotton grown widely in Pakistan is

1. ATriticum durum✓
2. BZea mays✓
3. CGossypium hirsutum✓
4. DCicer arietinum✓

Cotton is mainly a

1. AKharif crop✓
2. BRabi cereal✓
3. Cwinter vegetable✓
4. Dalpine scrub✓

Bt cotton was introduced in Pakistan to help control

1. Aall weeds forever✓
2. Bsoil salinity✓
3. Cbollworms (especially Helicoverpa and related lepidopteran pests)✓
4. Dwheat rusts✓

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is caused by

1. Abegomoviruses transmitted by whitefly✓
2. Bonly rust fungi✓
3. Conly nematodes in roots✓
4. Donly bacterial wilt of potato✓

Pink bollworm is a serious pest of

1. Awheat ears only✓
2. Brice panicles only✓
3. Cmango flowers only✓
4. Dcotton bolls✓

Seed cotton yield refers to

1. Aonly pure lint after ginning✓
2. Bonly oilcake✓
3. Conly linters✓
4. Dlint plus seed before ginning✓

Ginning separates

1. Awheat from chaff only✓
2. Blint fiber from cotton seed✓
3. Crice husk from bran only✓
4. Dcane juice from bagasse only✓

Sugarcane is a

1. Ashort Rabi pulse✓
2. Btemperate berry✓
3. Cwinter oilseed only✓
4. Dlong-duration industrial cash crop✓

Sugarcane planting in Pakistan commonly uses

1. Asetts (stem cuttings)✓
2. Btrue botanical seed only✓
3. Cpotato tubers✓
4. Drice seedlings✓

Ratoon cane is

1. Aa wheat variety✓
2. Bregrowth harvested from stools after the plant crop✓
3. Ca rice hybrid✓
4. Da cotton Bt event✓

A major sugarcane province is

1. Aonly northern alpine deserts✓
2. Bonly Makran coast mangroves✓
3. Conly Cholistan without irrigation✓
4. DPunjab and Sindh (also KP)✓

Red rot is an important disease of

1. Awheat only✓
2. Bsugarcane✓
3. Ccotton only✓
4. Dchickpea only✓

Hybrid maize adoption has increased mainly for

1. Alower input response always✓
2. Bhigher yield potential under good management✓
3. Czero fertilizer need✓
4. Dsaline desert survival only✓

Spring and autumn maize crops are grown in

1. Aonly permanent snowfields✓
2. Bonly mangrove swamps✓
3. Conly rainless hyper-arid dunes without wells✓
4. Dirrigated systems with suitable temperature windows✓

Sorghum and millet are important as

1. Abasmati export grades✓
2. BBt cotton substitutes✓
3. Cdrought-hardy cereals/fodders in marginal areas✓
4. Dtemperate fruits✓

Barley in Pakistan is mainly a

1. AKharif fiber crop✓
2. Bsummer cotton type✓
3. CRabi cereal used for food, feed and malt✓
4. Dsugar crop✓

Chickpea (gram) is a major

1. AKharif fiber✓
2. BRabi pulse crop✓
3. Csummer cane✓
4. Dtropical fruit✓

Chickpea is often grown in

1. Aonly flooded paddies✓
2. Bonly alpine scree✓
3. Cbarani / rainfed tracts as well as some irrigated areas✓
4. Donly mangrove mud✓

Lentil (masoor) is primarily a

1. AKharif cotton relative✓
2. BRabi pulse✓
3. Csugar crop✓
4. Dfiber crop✓

Mungbean is mainly cultivated as a

1. AKharif (and sometimes spring) pulse✓
2. Bonly winter wheat companion as a tree✓
3. CRabi cereal✓
4. Dtemperate apple✓

Mash (urdbean) is a

1. ARabi cereal✓
2. Bsugar crop✓
3. CKharif pulse crop✓
4. Dfiber crop✓

Groundnut (peanut) is important in

1. Aflooded rice soils only✓
2. Balpine pastures only✓
3. Cmangrove swamps✓
4. Dbarani sandy soils as an oilseed/legume✓

Rapeseed-mustard are mainly

1. ARabi oilseed crops✓
2. BKharif fibers✓
3. Csugar crops✓
4. Dtropical fruits✓

Sunflower is grown as

1. Aa fiber crop like cotton✓
2. Ban oilseed crop in spring/autumn niches✓
3. Ca cereal like wheat✓
4. Da pulse like gram✓

Sesame (til) is

1. Aa winter cereal✓
2. Ba sugar crop✓
3. Ca drought-tolerant oilseed of warmer season✓
4. Da temperate pome fruit✓

Soybean cultivation in Pakistan remains

1. Alarger than wheat area✓
2. Bthe dominant Kharif crop nationwide✓
3. Climited compared with major cereals and cotton✓
4. Dbanned entirely✓

Tobacco is grown as

1. Aa staple cereal nationwide✓
2. Bonly a forest tree✓
3. Ca cash crop in suitable districts (e.g., KP and others)✓
4. Donly an aquatic weed✓

Potato in Pakistan is a major

1. Avegetable/tuber crop with multi-season production✓
2. Bfiber crop✓
3. Csugar crop✓
4. Dcereal grain✓

Autumn, spring and summer potato crops reflect

1. Aregion-specific planting windows✓
2. Ba single nationwide date only✓
3. Conly alpine July sowing✓
4. Donly mangrove culture✓

Onion and tomato are important for

1. Atextile exports only✓
2. Bsugar recovery only✓
3. Ckitchen use and price inflation sensitivity✓
4. Dlint ginning only✓

Fodder crops such as berseem are crucial because

1. Acotton needs berseem lint✓
2. Blivestock needs green forage in Rabi✓
3. Crice needs berseem grain✓
4. Dwheat is replaced by berseem nationwide mandatorily✓

Berseem is typically a

1. AKharif cereal✓
2. Bsugar crop✓
3. CRabi fodder legume✓
4. Dfiber crop✓

Sorghum-sudan and maize fodders supply

1. Aonly wheat flour✓
2. BKharif green feed for livestock✓
3. Conly cotton lint✓
4. Donly cane sugar✓

Guar is grown as

1. Aa drought-hardy crop for gum, fodder and green manure✓
2. Ba flooded rice substitute✓
3. Ca temperate apple✓
4. Da Bt cotton parent always✓

Jute and similar fiber crops are

1. Alarger than wheat✓
2. Bthe main Indus staple✓
3. Cdominant in all provinces✓
4. Dnot major field crops of Pakistan compared with cotton✓

Line sowing of wheat compared with broadcasting generally

1. Aimproves plant geometry and input efficiency✓
2. Balways reduces yield necessarily✓
3. Cprevents all mechanization✓
4. Deliminates need for seed✓

Zero-till wheat after rice helps

1. Aforce residue burning✓
2. Badvance sowing and retain residues✓
3. Cdelay sowing into June✓
4. Drequire puddling for wheat✓

Cotton sowing methods include

1. Atransplanting 60-day nurseries like rice always✓
2. Bbroadcasting in standing flood only✓
3. Caerial seeding on snow✓
4. Ddibbling/drilling on beds or flat fields✓

Delinting of cotton seed improves

1. Alint percentage of the field crop✓
2. Bseed flow and germination uniformity for planting✓
3. Csugar recovery✓
4. Dwheat protein✓

Topping in tobacco/cotton contexts refers to

1. Aremoving terminal buds to redirect assimilates✓
2. Badding extra N only✓
3. Cflooding fields✓
4. Ddeep ploughing✓

Cane crushing season timing depends on

1. Awheat rust races only✓
2. Bmaturity, recovery and mill schedules✓
3. Ccotton ginning only✓
4. Drice milling only✓

Trash burning in sugarcane fields is discouraged because it

1. Aincreases soil carbon always✓
2. Bimproves air quality✓
3. Cadds N efficiently✓
4. Dwastes organic matter and causes pollution✓

Wheat seed rate recommendations commonly fall near

1. A1 kg/ha only✓
2. B1000 kg/ha always✓
3. Cabout 100–125 kg/ha depending on conditions✓
4. Dzero seed with ratooning✓

Rice nursery area is a fraction of

1. Athe entire district wheat area✓
2. Bthe main field to be transplanted✓
3. Cthe cotton ginning outturn✓
4. Dthe cane mill capacity✓

Hybrid rice can offer

1. Azero water need✓
2. Byield heterosis under good management✓
3. Cimmunity to all diseases forever✓
4. Dno seed cost✓

Desi cotton (G. arboreum) compared with hirsutum generally

1. Aalways higher lint yield nationwide✓
2. Bis the only Bt platform✓
3. Chas lower yield potential but some stress adaptations✓
4. Dis a cereal✓

Cotton picking in Pakistan is largely

1. Acombine harvested like wheat always✓
2. Bonce only by combine nationwide✓
3. Cdone underwater✓
4. Dmanual over multiple pickings✓

Wheat threshing is commonly done by

1. Aginning machines✓
2. Btractors/threshers after harvest✓
3. Ccane crushers✓
4. Drice puddlers✓

Combine harvesting of wheat

1. Aonly transplants rice✓
2. Bcuts and threshes in one operation✓
3. Conly gins cotton✓
4. Donly crushes cane✓

Parboiling is a processing step associated with

1. Araw cotton lint✓
2. Bcane setts✓
3. Cwheat straw only✓
4. Drice✓

Recovery percentage in sugar industry means

1. Alint outturn from seed cotton✓
2. Bflour extraction from wheat only✓
3. Coil from cottonseed only✓
4. Dsugar obtained relative to cane crushed✓

Cottonseed is valued for

1. Aoil and oilcake/feed after ginning✓
2. Bonly making bread flour✓
3. Conly transplanting nurseries✓
4. Donly puddling fields✓

Wheat straw is widely used as

1. Alivestock roughage and sometimes fuel/bedding✓
2. Btextile fiber equivalent to lint✓
3. Csugar source equal to cane✓
4. Dbasmati aroma chemical✓

Rice husk and bran are

1. Amilling by-products used for energy/feed/industry✓
2. Bthe edible grain itself✓
3. Ccotton lint grades✓
4. Dcane molasses only✓

Bagasse from sugarcane is used for

1. Awheat flour fortification✓
2. Bboiler fuel and co-generation in mills✓
3. Ccotton spinning✓
4. Drice transplanting✓

Molasses is a by-product of

1. Awheat milling only✓
2. Bsugar manufacture from cane✓
3. Ccotton ginning only✓
4. Drice parboiling only✓

Gram wilt and blight are constraints of

1. Achickpea✓
2. Bsugarcane only✓
3. Ccotton only✓
4. Dbasmati only✓

Pod borer complexes affect

1. Achickpea, cotton and other legumes/crops✓
2. Bonly wheat rust epidemiology✓
3. Conly cane red rot✓
4. Donly rice blast✓

Aflatoxin risk is especially discussed for

1. Astanding wheat rust✓
2. Bcane red rot lesions✓
3. Ccotton leaf curl symptoms✓
4. Dgroundnut and some stored products✓

Oilseed import dependence of Pakistan reflects

1. Asurplus mustard exceeding demand always✓
2. Binsufficient domestic edible oil production✓
3. Cban on all oilseeds✓
4. Dzero consumer demand for oil✓

Cluster bean (guar) gum has

1. Ano market value✓
2. Bonly textile lint use✓
3. Cindustrial uses beyond farm fodder✓
4. Donly sugar recovery role✓

Isabgol / psyllium where grown is valued as

1. Athe national bread wheat✓
2. BBt cotton parent✓
3. Ca medicinal/mucilage crop rather than a staple cereal✓
4. Dcane sugar source✓

Crop zoning for field crops should match

1. Aonly political slogans✓
2. Bonly distance to airports✓
3. Conly fertilizer brand loyalty✓
4. Dclimate, soil and water availability✓

Intercropping cotton with legumes can

1. Aalways eliminate cotton yield✓
2. Bban mechanization✓
3. Cimprove land use and sometimes soil N economy✓
4. Drequire flooded paddies✓

Wheat-legume rotations help

1. Abreak disease cycles and add biological N✓
2. Bincrease continuous wheat rust pressure✓
3. Celiminate pulses✓
4. Dforce monoculture✓

The four major field crops often emphasized in Pakistan exams are

1. Awheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane✓
2. Btea, coffee, cocoa and rubber✓
3. Capple, pear, plum and cherry only✓
4. Donly fodder berseem nationwide✓