Structural Analysis MCQs 2026

Degree of static indeterminacy of a rigid jointed plane frame is given by

1. AD_s = m + r − 2j✓
2. BD_s = 2m − j✓
3. CD_s = m − r + j✓
4. DD_s = 3m + r − 3j✓

Degree of kinematic indeterminacy of a frame equals

1. Anumber of members only✓
2. Bnumber of supports only✓
3. Cnumber of independent joint displacements✓
4. Dalways zero✓

A two-hinged arch is statically

1. Adeterminate✓
2. Bindeterminate to three degrees✓
3. Cunstable✓
4. Dindeterminate to one degree externally✓

Three-hinged arch is statically

1. Aindeterminate to one degree✓
2. Bindeterminate to two degrees✓
3. Cdeterminate✓
4. Dunstable always✓

Influence line for reaction at support shows

1. Aonly BM diagram under UDL✓
2. Bonly shear at mid-span fixed✓
3. CMohr circle✓
4. Dvariation of reaction with unit load position✓

Muller-Breslau principle states that

1. AILD equals SFD always✓
2. BILD equals axial force only✓
3. Cdeflection is zero✓
4. Dinfluence line equals deflected shape from removing corresponding constraint✓

For simply supported beam, ILD for mid-span moment is

1. Atriangular with max ordinate at mid-span✓
2. Brectangular✓
3. Cparabolic fixed✓
4. Dzero at mid-span✓

Slope-deflection method accounts for

1. Aonly axial forces✓
2. Bonly truss pin joints✓
3. Cjoint rotations and displacements in member end moments✓
4. Donly soil settlement without stiffness✓

Moment distribution method was developed by

1. AHardy Cross✓
2. BEuler✓
3. CMohr✓
4. DCastigliano✓

Carry-over factor in moment distribution for prismatic member is

1. A1.0✓
2. B0.25✓
3. Czero✓
4. D0.5✓

Stiffness factor for prismatic member with far end fixed is

1. A3EI/L✓
2. BEI/L✓
3. C6EI/L✓
4. D4EI/L✓

Stiffness factor with far end pinned is

1. A3EI/L✓
2. B4EI/L✓
3. C2EI/L✓
4. DEI/L only✓

Distribution factor at a joint equals

1. Amember stiffness divided by sum of stiffnesses at joint✓
2. Balways 0.5✓
3. Calways 1✓
4. Dzero for all members✓

Fixed-end moment in beam due to uniform load w on span L is

1. AwL²/8✓
2. BwL/2✓
3. Czero at both ends✓
4. DwL²/12 at each end (hogging sign convention as per method)✓

Clapeyron theorem of three moments applies to

1. Acontinuous beams on supports✓
2. Bonly trusses✓
3. Conly cables✓
4. Donly columns✓

Unit load method for deflection uses

1. Avirtual work with unit force at desired displacement✓
2. Bonly Mohr circle✓
3. Conly moment distribution✓
4. Donly soil bearing✓

Graphical integration of M/(EI) diagram gives

1. Aaxial force✓
2. Bslope or deflection depending on first or second area-moment✓
3. Cshear only✓
4. Dstress at fibre✓

Conjugate beam method maps

1. Atruss to frame✓
2. Bsoil to concrete✓
3. Creal beam supports to conjugate beam supports✓
4. Dsteel to timber✓

Williot-Mohr diagram is used for

1. Atruss deflections graphically✓
2. BRCC design✓
3. Csoil classification✓
4. Dmix design✓

Truss with m members, j joints, r reactions is determinate if

1. Am + r = 3j✓
2. Bm + r = 2j for plane truss✓
3. Cm = j✓
4. Dm + r = j✓

Internal hinge in structure

1. Aincreases indeterminacy always✓
2. Bhas no effect✓
3. Cmakes structure unstable always✓
4. Dreduces indeterminacy✓

Statically indeterminate beams have

1. Amore unknown reactions/internal forces than equilibrium equations✓
2. Bfewer unknowns✓
3. Cno compatibility✓
4. Donly axial loads✓

Compatibility equation in indeterminate analysis expresses

1. Aequality of deformations✓
2. Bsum of forces zero only✓
3. Cconcrete grade✓
4. Dsteel yield only✓

Force method selects

1. Adisplacements only✓
2. Bconcrete cover✓
3. Credundant forces as unknowns✓
4. Dbolt diameter✓

Displacement method selects

1. Aredundant forces only✓
2. Bonly reactions✓
3. Cjoint displacements as unknowns✓
4. Donly stresses✓

Stiffness matrix method assembles

1. Aglobal stiffness from element matrices✓
2. Bonly soil moduli✓
3. Conly truss zero force✓
4. Donly Mohr circle✓

For determinate truss, member forces found by

1. Amethod of joints and sections✓
2. Bonly moment distribution✓
3. Conly limit state design✓
4. Donly ILD only✓

Deflection of truss joint found by

1. Aonly Euler buckling✓
2. Bonly IS 456✓
3. Cunit load method or graphical methods✓
4. Donly bolt shear only✓

Temperature rise in determinate truss member causes

1. Aalways compression force✓
2. Bfree expansion without induced force✓
3. Calways tension force✓
4. Dmoment at joints✓

Temperature change in indeterminate structure causes

1. Ano stress ever✓
2. Bstresses due to restraint✓
3. Conly vertical deflection zero always✓
4. Donly plastic hinge✓

Support settlement in determinate beam causes

1. Arigid body rotation/deflection without internal stress✓
2. Binternal stress always✓
3. Czero deflection✓
4. Dbuckling✓

Support settlement in indeterminate beam causes

1. Ano internal forces✓
2. Bonly axial truss forces✓
3. Conly shear in bolts✓
4. Dbending stresses✓

ILD for shear at section x in SSB is

1. Asingle parabola always✓
2. Bhorizontal line only✓
3. Ctwo straight lines with sudden change at load point✓
4. Dcircle✓

Maximum BM in moving load series occurs when

1. Aloads at supports only✓
2. Bload group is placed per ILD ordinates✓
3. Cloads at contraflexure only✓
4. Dloads zero✓

Concentrated moving load on SSB for max BM places load at

1. Aalways mid-span for any section✓
2. Bsection where ILD ordinate is maximum✓
3. Calways support✓
4. Dalways quarter span✓

Uniformly distributed moving load shorter than span for max BM

1. Acovers maximum positive ILD area✓
2. Bcovers minimum area✓
3. Cplaced at one support only✓
4. Dplaced off span✓

Arches carry load primarily by

1. Apure bending only✓
2. Bpure tension only✓
3. Cshear only✓
4. Dcompression along thrust line✓

Horizontal thrust in two-hinged parabolic arch under UDL equals

1. AwL/2✓
2. Bzero always✓
3. CwL²/(8h) for complete UDL over span L rise h✓
4. DwLh✓

Cable structure under point loads forms

1. Apolygonal funicular shape✓
2. Bparabola always✓
3. Ccircle✓
4. Dstraight line only✓

Deflected shape of elastic curve has M/(EI) proportional to

1. Ashear force only✓
2. Baxial force only✓
3. Ccurvature✓
4. Dtemperature only✓

Symmetry in structure and loading allows

1. Adoubling all forces incorrectly✓
2. Bignoring equilibrium✓
3. Cno boundary conditions✓
4. Danalysing half structure✓

Antisymmetric loading on symmetric structure can use

1. Ahalf structure with antisymmetric boundary conditions✓
2. Bfull structure always required✓
3. Conly truss method✓
4. Donly RCC limit state✓

Portal frame under lateral load develops

1. Aonly axial forces✓
2. Bonly torsion in all members✓
3. Cbase moments and storey shears✓
4. Dzero reactions✓

Sway in frame occurs when

1. Aonly vertical loads act✓
2. Blateral displacement develops under unsymmetric stiffness/loading✓
3. Conly determinate truss✓
4. Donly cables✓

Sidesway in moment distribution is prevented by

1. Aextra equilibrium equation or symmetry✓
2. Bignoring joint balance✓
3. Conly increasing cover✓
4. Donly bolt pretension✓

Release of moment at hinge means

1. Aslope is zero✓
2. Bbending moment is zero at that point✓
3. Cshear is zero✓
4. Daxial force zero✓

Relative stiffness of member in distribution depends on

1. Aonly cross-section area✓
2. Bonly concrete grade✓
3. CI/L and end conditions✓
4. Donly bolt grade✓

Carry-over in non-prismatic member

1. Aalways 0.5✓
2. Balways 1✓
3. Calways zero✓
4. Dis not necessarily 0.5✓

Fixed support provides

1. Aonly vertical reaction✓
2. Brestraint against translation and rotation✓
3. Conly moment release✓
4. Dno reactions✓

Pin support in 2D provides

1. Amoment and two forces✓
2. Bno reactions✓
3. Conly moment✓
4. Dreaction force but no moment restraint✓

Roller support provides

1. Atwo force components and moment✓
2. Bsingle reaction perpendicular to rolling surface✓
3. Cmoment only✓
4. Dno reaction✓

Stable structure requires

1. Aonly more members than joints✓
2. Bzero reactions✓
3. Cadequate supports and non-mechanism geometry✓
4. Donly internal hinges everywhere✓

Mechanism in structure means

1. Astable indeterminate frame✓
2. Bunstable geometry allowing rigid-body motion✓
3. Conly elastic deformation✓
4. Donly creep✓

Redundant reaction in beam is

1. Aalways zero✓
2. Balways at mid-span load✓
3. Conly in truss diagonals✓
4. Dextra support beyond determinate requirements✓

Consistent deformation method is another name for

1. Aonly method of joints✓
2. Bonly Mohr circle✓
3. Conly Winkler soil✓
4. Dslope-deflection or stiffness approach family✓

Flexibility matrix relates

1. Aforces to plastic moment✓
2. Bdisplacements to forces✓
3. Cstress to strain in concrete only✓
4. Dbolt area to cover✓

Stiffness matrix relates

1. Adisplacements to time only✓
2. Bonly thermal strain✓
3. Conly cover depth✓
4. Dforces to displacements✓

Linear elastic analysis assumes

1. Aplastic hinges throughout✓
2. Bsuperposition valid and Hookean material✓
3. Clarge deflection mandatory✓
4. Dcracking ignored in concrete always required✓

Plastic analysis uses

1. Aonly elastic ILD✓
2. Bonly Mohr circle✓
3. Cformation of plastic hinges for collapse load✓
4. Donly bolt bearing✓

Collapse mechanism in plastic frame has

1. Ano hinges✓
2. Bonly elastic behaviour✓
3. Conly one hinge always enough✓
4. Dsufficient plastic hinges for mechanism✓

Shape factor for plastic section modulus is

1. AI/Z✓
2. Bratio of plastic to elastic section modulus✓
3. CZ/I only without plastic✓
4. Dyield stress over E✓

Influence line ordinate at point equals

1. Aalways unity everywhere✓
2. Bzero always✓
3. Cvalue of function when unit load at that point✓
4. DUDL magnitude✓

Absolute maximum BM in SSB with moving concentrated load is

1. APL/8 always at support✓
2. BPL/4 when load at mid-span✓
3. Czero✓
4. DPL/2 at support✓

Envelope of BM from moving loads gives

1. Amaximum and minimum BM at each section✓
2. Bonly shear✓
3. Conly axial✓
4. Donly deflection without sign✓

Continuous beam is typically

1. Astatically indeterminate✓
2. Balways determinate✓
3. Cunstable✓
4. Dtruss type✓

Moment redistribution in RCC allows

1. Alimited adjustment of elastic moments per code✓
2. Bunlimited increase anywhere✓
3. Czero tension in steel✓
4. Dignoring equilibrium✓

Shear force sign convention often takes

1. Adownward positive always on left✓
2. Bmoment positive always hogging only✓
3. Caxial zero✓
4. Dupward positive on left face of section✓

Hogging bending moment makes beam

1. Aalways sagging✓
2. Bzero curvature✓
3. Conly shear✓
4. Dconcave downward (sagging negative/top in compression in sagging convention)✓

Sagging bending moment in span makes beam

1. Aconcave downward always✓
2. Bstraight only✓
3. Conly axial✓
4. Dconcave upward in beam convention✓

Point of inflection in deflected beam corresponds to

1. Amax SF point✓
2. Bmax deflection always✓
3. Cpoint of contraflexure in BM diagram✓
4. Dsupport only✓

Elastic critical load for frame buckling depends on

1. Aonly concrete cover✓
2. Bonly bolt threads✓
3. Cmember stiffness and geometry✓
4. Donly UDL on slab✓

Bracing in steel frame reduces

1. Aonly concrete shrinkage✓
2. Beffective length and lateral sway✓
3. Conly development length✓
4. Donly w/c ratio✓

K-value for column effective length in frames depends on

1. Aonly section depth✓
2. Bend restraint stiffness ratios✓
3. Conly paint coating✓
4. Donly aggregate size✓

Rayleigh-Ritz method is approximate for

1. Aexact truss forces only✓
2. Bvibration or buckling eigenvalues✓
3. Cconcrete mix proportion✓
4. Dbolt pretension only✓

Damping in structures dissipates

1. Astatic dead load✓
2. Bonly axial force✓
3. Conly yield stress✓
4. Dvibration energy✓

Dynamic amplification in moving load relates to

1. Aonly static ILD✓
2. Bspeed and natural frequency✓
3. Conly concrete grade✓
4. Donly lap length✓

Space truss has member force determined with

1. A3D equilibrium equations✓
2. Bonly 2D joints✓
3. Conly Mohr circle✓
4. Donly moment distribution✓

Compound truss combines

1. Aonly RCC and steel✓
2. Bonly soil layers✓
3. Csimple trusses linked by connecting members✓
4. Donly one bar✓

Method of consistent deformations solves redundants by

1. Aonly joints in 2D✓
2. Bcompatibility integrals with flexibility coefficients✓
3. Conly IS 800 bolts✓
4. Donly w/c✓

Beam on elastic foundation uses

1. Aonly truss zero force✓
2. Bonly Mohr for plane stress✓
3. CWinkler model with modulus of subgrade reaction k✓
4. Donly parabolic arch thrust only✓

ILD for support reaction in determinate beam is

1. Alinear between supports for unit load✓
2. Bparabolic between supports always✓
3. Czero everywhere✓
4. Dconstant 1 everywhere✓

Maximum negative BM at interior support of continuous beam often occurs with

1. Amid-span of adjacent spans loaded only for min✓
2. Bno load on bridge✓
3. Cspans loaded to create hogging at support✓
4. Dload off structure✓

Prime structural analysis objective is to find

1. Ainternal forces, reactions and deformations✓
2. Bonly concrete mix✓
3. Conly paint colour✓
4. Donly bolt length only✓

Linear superposition applies when

1. Alarge plastic collapse✓
2. Bmaterial linear and small displacements✓
3. Ccracking nonlinear always✓
4. Dgeometric nonlinearity dominates✓

Shear diagram jump at concentrated load equals

1. Amagnitude of load✓
2. Bmoment at load✓
3. Czero always✓
4. DEI value✓

BM diagram has sudden change in slope at

1. Auniform load region✓
2. Bzero shear point only✓
3. Cconcentrated load (SF jump)✓
4. Dcentroid✓

Deflection limit serviceability check uses

1. Aonly ultimate load factor✓
2. Bspan/250 or code-specified limits often✓
3. Conly bolt bearing✓
4. Donly yield only✓

Influence surface is extension of ILD to

1. Aonly axial bars✓
2. Bonly bolts✓
3. Ctwo-way slab or plate loading✓
4. Donly soil classification✓

Graphical statics uses force polygons for

1. Aonly RCC shear design✓
2. Bonly creep coefficient✓
3. Conly surge tank✓
4. Dequilibrium of coplanar forces✓

Reciprocal theorem (Betti-Maxwell) relates

1. Aonly thermal expansion✓
2. Bwork done by one load system on displacements from another✓
3. Conly mix design✓
4. Donly zero force members✓