Motivation and Emotion MCQs 2026

Achievement motivation has often been assessed using stories from the

1. ARorschach test only✓
2. BThematic Apperception Test✓
3. CMMPI✓
4. DWAIS✓

Opponent-process theory explains emotion as involving

1. AInitial reaction and opposite after-reaction✓
2. BOnly unconscious conflict✓
3. COnly reinforcement✓
4. DNo physiology✓

Extrinsic motivation depends mainly on

1. AInternal curiosity only✓
2. BSensory thresholds✓
3. CUnconscious archetypes✓
4. DExternal rewards or pressures✓

Intrinsic motivation means doing an activity for

1. AIts own satisfaction✓
2. BExternal reward only✓
3. CFear of punishment✓
4. DBiological reflex✓

An incentive is best described as

1. AA sensory receptor✓
2. BA memory trace✓
3. CAn external pull toward behavior✓
4. DA genetic code✓

Self-actualization in Maslow's theory means

1. AReducing only hunger✓
2. BAvoiding all emotion✓
3. CGaining reflex control✓
4. DRealizing one's potential✓

Maslow placed physiological needs at the

1. ABase of the hierarchy✓
2. BTop of self-actualization✓
3. CMiddle of esteem✓
4. DEnd of belongingness✓

Achievement motivation is strongly linked with the work of

1. AIvan Pavlov✓
2. BDavid McClelland✓
3. CMax Wertheimer✓
4. DHermann Ebbinghaus✓

Hunger and thirst are examples of

1. ASocial motives✓
2. BAchievement motives✓
3. CBiogenic motives✓
4. DAesthetic motives✓

Drive-reduction theory is most closely associated with

1. AClark Hull✓
2. BAbraham Maslow✓
3. CCarl Rogers✓
4. DHoward Gardner✓

Homeostasis means the body's tendency to maintain

1. ASocial approval✓
2. BDream symbols✓
3. CMuscle fatigue✓
4. DInternal balance✓

Motivation refers to processes that initiate, direct and sustain

1. ASensory adaptation✓
2. BBehavior toward goals✓
3. CReflex arcs✓
4. DDream content✓

Emotion differs from mood because emotion is usually

1. AAlways unconscious✓
2. BNever physiological✓
3. COnly cognitive✓
4. DMore specific and shorter-lived✓

A balanced view of motivation considers biological, psychological and

1. AAstronomical signs✓
2. BSkull bumps✓
3. CSocial influences✓
4. DColor blindness✓

Fear conditioning most directly involves the

1. ACerebellum only✓
2. BAmygdala✓
3. CRetina✓
4. DBroca area✓

Cognitive appraisal theories argue that emotion depends on

1. AInterpretation of events✓
2. BOnly heart rate✓
3. COnly facial muscles✓
4. DRandom reflexes✓

A student studying because the subject is enjoyable shows

1. ANegative punishment✓
2. BIntrinsic motivation✓
3. CHomeostasis✓
4. DDrive reduction only✓

A person working hard mainly for salary is showing

1. AExtrinsic motivation✓
2. BIntrinsic motivation✓
3. CLatent learning✓
4. DSensory adaptation✓

In emotion research, skin conductance is a measure of

1. ASemantic memory✓
2. BVisual depth✓
3. CMoral judgment✓
4. DAutonomic arousal✓

Set-point theory is often applied to

1. AVisual acuity✓
2. BLanguage grammar✓
3. CBody weight regulation✓
4. DDream symbolism✓

A drive is best described as

1. AA fixed IQ score✓
2. BAroused tension from a need✓
3. CA visual illusion✓
4. DA personality test✓

A need is a state of

1. ABiological or psychological deficiency✓
2. BPerfect satisfaction✓
3. CStatistical error✓
4. DSensory adaptation✓

Flow is a state of deep involvement in an activity, described by

1. AAbraham Maslow✓
2. BJohn Watson✓
3. CEdward Thorndike✓
4. DMihaly Csikszentmihalyi✓

Display rules refer to cultural rules for

1. ACalculating IQ✓
2. BExpressing emotions✓
3. CEncoding memory✓
4. DMeasuring reflexes✓

Primary emotions are generally considered

1. AOnly learned in school✓
2. BAlways unconscious✓
3. CPurely verbal✓
4. DBasic and biologically rooted✓

Secondary emotions are more dependent on

1. ASpinal reflexes only✓
2. BRetinal cells✓
3. CCognition and social learning✓
4. DSimple hunger✓

The Yerkes-Dodson law relates performance to

1. ADream recall✓
2. BLevel of arousal✓
3. CBrain weight✓
4. DBirth order✓

The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions is associated with

1. ASigmund Freud✓
2. BBarbara Fredrickson✓
3. CIvan Pavlov✓
4. DFrancis Galton✓

Polygraph tests mainly record

1. ATrue memories directly✓
2. BMoral guilt directly✓
3. CPhysiological arousal✓
4. DIntelligence level✓

Emotion has cognitive, physiological and

1. AChromosomal components only✓
2. BStatistical components✓
3. CAuditory components only✓
4. DBehavioral components✓

A social motive is best represented by

1. ANeed for achievement✓
2. BBlood glucose level✓
3. CPupil reflex✓
4. DHunger pangs✓

Instinct theories explain motivation as behavior based on

1. ALearned rewards only✓
2. BInnate patterns✓
3. CCultural symbols only✓
4. DConscious planning only✓

Arousal theory suggests people are motivated to maintain

1. AZero activity✓
2. BMaximum hunger✓
3. CAn optimal arousal level✓
4. DNo emotion✓

Self-determination theory emphasizes autonomy, competence and

1. ARelatedness✓
2. BPunishment✓
3. CReflexes✓
4. DProjection✓

The frustration-aggression hypothesis links aggression to

1. AHigh intelligence✓
2. BSensory adaptation✓
3. CPositive transfer✓
4. DBlocked goal-directed behavior✓

Frustration occurs when goal-directed behavior is

1. AReinforced✓
2. BBlocked✓
3. CForgotten✓
4. DMeasured✓

Approach-avoidance conflict occurs when a goal has

1. AOnly rewards✓
2. BNo emotional value✓
3. CBoth attractive and unattractive features✓
4. DOnly biological drives✓

The need for affiliation refers to motivation to

1. AAvoid all groups✓
2. BIncrease hunger✓
3. CSuppress emotion✓
4. DForm social bonds✓

Paul Ekman is known for research on

1. ABasic facial expressions✓
2. BOperant chambers✓
3. CIntelligence quotients✓
4. DDream symbols✓

The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions can

1. ACreate intelligence✓
2. BInfluence emotional experience✓
3. CErase memory✓
4. DPrevent learning✓

Ghrelin is commonly associated with

1. AIncreasing hunger✓
2. BReducing hearing✓
3. CBlocking memory✓
4. DControlling pupil color✓

Leptin is a hormone involved in

1. AHearing✓
2. BPain reflexes only✓
3. CSleep dreaming only✓
4. DSatiety and body-weight regulation✓

The hypothalamus is important in motivation because it helps regulate

1. AVisual illusions only✓
2. BLong-term memory only✓
3. CBasic drives and homeostasis✓
4. DMoral reasoning only✓

The amygdala is especially important in processing

1. AMathematical syntax✓
2. BFear and emotional salience✓
3. CLanguage grammar only✓
4. DVisual acuity✓

The parasympathetic nervous system mainly supports

1. AAggressive attack only✓
2. BSudden panic only✓
3. CRest-and-digest activity✓
4. DOperant learning✓

The sympathetic nervous system is most active during

1. AFight-or-flight responses✓
2. BDeep relaxation only✓
3. CMemory consolidation only✓
4. DVisual accommodation✓

Lazarus emphasized the role of cognitive appraisal in

1. AReflex fatigue✓
2. BDream censorship✓
3. CFixed instincts✓
4. DEmotion✓

The Schachter-Singer theory is also called the

1. ADrive theory✓
2. BTwo-factor theory✓
3. COpponent-process theory✓
4. DInstinct theory✓

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotion and bodily arousal occur

1. ASimultaneously✓
2. BOnly after reward✓
3. COnly during sleep✓
4. DAfter repression✓

According to the James-Lange theory, emotion follows

1. ACognitive labeling only✓
2. BSocial comparison✓
3. CPhysiological arousal✓
4. DOperant reward✓