Political Institutions and Participation MCQs 2026

Political recruitment through parties selects

1. Aonly hereditary peers✓
2. Bonly lottery without criteria✓
3. Conly foreign citizens✓
4. Dcandidates and leaders for public office✓

Public interest litigation in Pakistan expanded access by

1. Abanning all petitions✓
2. Brequiring only the Attorney General to sue✓
3. Cending judicial review✓
4. Dallowing relaxed standing for rights enforcement✓

Article 19 protects

1. Aabsolute speech without limits✓
2. Bban on all press✓
3. Cfreedom of speech subject to reasonable restrictions✓
4. Dcompulsory censorship of all media✓

Article 17 of Pakistan's Constitution guarantees

1. Aban on all parties✓
2. Bone-party state mandate✓
3. Cno right to form unions✓
4. Dfreedom of association including political parties subject to law✓

Pakistan's Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee is chaired by

1. Athe Chairman Joint Chiefs (not the President day-to-day)✓
2. Bthe Chief Justice always✓
3. Cthe Speaker always✓
4. Dforeign ambassadors✓

Civil-military relations concern

1. Aonly sports federations✓
2. Bonly postal rates✓
3. Conly art galleries✓
4. Dbalance between elected civilians and armed forces✓

Judicial restraint prefers

1. Astriking down every statute✓
2. Bignoring the constitution✓
3. Cappointing ministers✓
4. Ddeferring to elected branches when law is unclear✓

Judicial activism describes courts that

1. Anever decide cases✓
2. Bonly follow executive orders✓
3. Creadily intervene in policy and rights questions✓
4. Drefuse all constitutional review✓

Parliamentary privilege protects

1. Aunlimited criminal immunity everywhere✓
2. Bcertain freedoms of speech and action for legislators in house✓
3. Cjudges from all suits✓
4. Dprivate firms from tax✓

Opposition in parliament functions to

1. Aalways support every bill✓
2. Bcritique government and offer alternatives✓
3. Cabolish elections✓
4. Dcommand troops✓

Coalition government forms when

1. Aonly one party exists✓
2. Barmy rules directly✓
3. Ctwo or more parties cooperate to secure a majority✓
4. Djudges pass all laws✓

A hung parliament occurs when

1. Aone party wins every seat✓
2. Belections are cancelled✓
3. Cno party holds a majority of seats✓
4. Dcourts legislate✓

The Election Commission of Pakistan is responsible for

1. Aforeign trade negotiations only✓
2. Bconducting elections and delimitation✓
3. Cmilitary promotions only✓
4. Dsupreme court appointments✓

Pakistan's Senate is

1. Aa permanent upper house with equal provincial representation✓
2. Bdissolved with each budget✓
3. Celected only by direct nationwide FPTP✓
4. Dabsent from the 1973 system✓

Pakistan's National Assembly has

1. A342 members including seats for women and minorities✓
2. B100 members only✓
3. Cno reserved seats✓
4. Donly senators✓

Political socialization is

1. Aonly economic inflation✓
2. Bonly factory production✓
3. Conly weather patterns✓
4. Dthe process by which individuals acquire political attitudes✓

Public opinion polls measure

1. Aconstitutional supremacy in court✓
2. Bmilitary strategy secrets only✓
3. Caggregate attitudes on issues and candidates✓
4. Dprivate diary entries without consent✓

Media functions in democracy include

1. Ainforming citizens and scrutinizing power✓
2. Breplacing all elections✓
3. Ccommanding the military✓
4. Dappointing cabinets✓

Social movements mobilize

1. Acollective action for social or political change outside formal parties✓
2. Bonly stock trading✓
3. Conly judicial sentencing✓
4. Donly royal succession✓

Political apathy refers to

1. Ahyper-mobilization of all citizens✓
2. Black of interest or involvement in public affairs✓
3. Cmandatory daily referenda✓
4. Duniversal office-holding✓

Local government delivers

1. Aonly foreign policy✓
2. Bonly constitutional amendment✓
3. Cservices and regulations at municipal or regional level✓
4. Donly supreme court appeals✓

Civil service neutrality requires officials to

1. Acampaign openly for one party on duty✓
2. Bignore all laws✓
3. Cserve governments of different parties impartially✓
4. Dcontrol election outcomes✓

Cabinet collective responsibility means

1. Aministers publicly support government policy or resign✓
2. Beach minister opposes the PM openly without consequence✓
3. Ccourts direct cabinet✓
4. Darmy chooses policy✓

Presidential veto allows the executive to

1. Ablock or return legislation✓
2. Bdissolve the constitution✓
3. Cappoint all monarchs✓
4. Drun all local councils✓

Vote of no confidence can

1. Aappoint judges for life✓
2. Bremove a government that loses legislative support✓
3. Cdeclare war without debate✓
4. Dabolish the constitution instantly✓

Question time in parliament enables

1. Ajudges to arrest MPs✓
2. Bcourts to veto budgets automatically✓
3. Clegislators to interrogate ministers✓
4. Darmy to dissolve parties✓

Committee system in legislatures allows

1. Acourts to replace parliament✓
2. Bexecutive rule without statute✓
3. Cabolition of debate✓
4. Ddetailed scrutiny and drafting of bills✓

Upper houses often represent

1. Aonly local sports clubs✓
2. Bregions, states or revising interests✓
3. Conly infants✓
4. Donly foreign embassies✓

Electoral commission roles include

1. Aadministering fair elections and regulating parties✓
2. Bdrafting all private contracts✓
3. Crunning criminal prosecutions✓
4. Dsetting interest rates✓

Ombudsman institutions typically

1. Acommand armed forces✓
2. Benact budgets alone✓
3. Cinvestigate citizen complaints against public administration✓
4. Dappoint all ministers✓

Rule of law in institutions means

1. Asecret decrees✓
2. Bpersonal privilege in courts✓
3. Cunlimited executive discretion✓
4. Dpredictable procedures and equality before the law✓

Judicial independence requires that

1. Aexecutive dictates all verdicts✓
2. Bjudges decide cases without improper political pressure✓
3. Clegislature fires judges for unpopular rulings always✓
4. Dparties fund judges personally✓

Devolution grants

1. Afull international sovereignty to cities✓
2. Bdelegated self-government to regions within a unitary state✓
3. Cabolition of all local councils✓
4. Dmilitary rule only✓

Federalism institutionalizes

1. Aonly one municipal council✓
2. Bonly international courts✓
3. Cdivision of powers between national and subnational governments✓
4. Donly private firms✓

Separation of party and state in liberal theory means

1. Astate institutions should not favour one party unfairly✓
2. Bbanning all parties✓
3. Cmerging party and army always✓
4. Dabolishing elections✓

Lobbying is

1. Aalways illegal in all democracies✓
2. Battempting to influence legislators and officials✓
3. Cthe same as voting in elections✓
4. Djudicial sentencing✓

Civil society comprises

1. Aonly government ministries✓
2. Bonly stock exchanges✓
3. Cvoluntary associations outside the state and market✓
4. Donly royal households✓

Referendum allows citizens to

1. Avote directly on a specific policy or constitutional question✓
2. Belect all judges for life✓
3. Cchoose military generals by default✓
4. Dreplace all statutes without text✓

First-past-the-post awards seats to

1. Aall parties equally regardless of votes✓
2. Bonly second-place finishers✓
3. Cnobody if turnout is high✓
4. Dthe candidate with the most votes in each district✓

Proportional representation allocates seats

1. Aroughly in line with each party's vote share✓
2. Bonly to the largest party in every district✓
3. Cby hereditary birth order✓
4. Dby lottery without votes✓

Suffrage means

1. Athe right to vote in public affairs✓
2. Bthe right to own newspapers only✓
3. Cmilitary rank only✓
4. Dtax exemption only✓

Elections serve to

1. Aeliminate all opposition always✓
2. Bselect representatives and confer legitimacy✓
3. Creplace all laws automatically✓
4. Dabolish courts✓

Pressure groups differ from parties because they

1. Aalways win every election✓
2. Balways control the military✓
3. Calways write constitutions✓
4. Dtypically do not field candidates for government office✓

Interest groups seek to

1. Areplace all courts✓
2. Binfluence policy without necessarily seeking office✓
3. Cabolish all legislatures✓
4. Dcommand military operations✓

Political parties function to

1. Aadjudicate constitutional cases✓
2. Baggregate interests and contest elections✓
3. Cconduct criminal trials✓
4. Dprint currency exclusively✓

Bureaucracy in government refers to

1. Aonly elected legislators✓
2. Bonly political party rallies✓
3. Cthe professional administrative apparatus✓
4. Donly private clubs✓

The judiciary interprets laws and

1. Acommands the army in all countries✓
2. Bcollects all taxes without statute✓
3. Cappoints all ambassadors automatically✓
4. Dresolves disputes according to legal rules✓

The executive branch is mainly responsible for

1. Awriting all judicial opinions✓
2. Belecting judges directly in all systems✓
3. Cdrafting constitutions alone without legislatures✓
4. Dimplementing and enforcing laws✓

The legislature's primary function is

1. Alawmaking and representation✓
2. Badjudicating criminal trials✓
3. Ccommanding troops in battle✓
4. Dminting coins only✓