Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984: Relevancy and Admissibility MCQs 2026

Oral admissions as to contents of documents are restricted under

1. AArticle 30 without limit✓
2. BArticle 35 QSO—document rule of best evidence✓
3. CArticle 112✓
4. DArticle 136✓

Electronic record relevancy/admissibility is recognized under

1. Anot recognized at all in Pakistan✓
2. Bonly in civil cases never criminal✓
3. CArticle 2 read with Article 73 and Electronic Transactions Ordinance✓
4. Donly through dying declaration✓

Admissions cannot be proved by

1. Adirect statement of party✓
2. Bhearsay upon hearsay unless exception applies✓
3. Cdocument signed by party✓
4. Dagent within authority✓

Confession affecting co-accused may be considered under

1. AArticle 43 QSO with great caution and corroboration✓
2. Bautomatic conviction of co-accused✓
3. Cno judicial scrutiny✓
4. Donly in civil cases✓

Character evidence in civil defamation where character is in issue follows

1. AArticle 66 bars all character proof always✓
2. BArticle 38 governs✓
3. Cexceptions to Article 66 general exclusion✓
4. DArticle 112 list only✓

Relevancy of judgments in civil cases for estoppel may interact with

1. ACPC section 11 res judicata and QSO Article 54–57 limits✓
2. BPPC section 302 only✓
3. COrder XXI execution only✓
4. DArticle 136 leading questions only✓

Article 32 QSO makes admissions by persons whose estate is in question relevant when

1. Aafter interest ends always without exception✓
2. Bstatements are made during continuance of interest✓
3. Conly in police station✓
4. Donly if written on stamp paper always✓

Article 43 QSO addresses when confession may be proved against maker and

1. Aco-accused/parties as provided with safeguards✓
2. Bagainst anyone without trial✓
3. Conly in civil suits for divorce✓
4. Dnever against maker✓

Article 45 QSO provides that admissions are

1. Anot conclusive proof but may operate as estoppel✓
2. Balways conclusive✓
3. Cnever relevant✓
4. Donly oral never documentary✓

Article 48 QSO on books of account requires entries to be

1. Aonly if attested by two witnesses always✓
2. Bonly police records✓
3. Ckept in regular course of business to be relevant✓
4. Donly registered documents✓

Fresh evidence on appeal is not relevancy chapter but admissibility at trial distinguishes

1. Athey are identical always✓
2. Brelevancy never matters✓
3. Crelevancy (logical connection) from admissibility (legal permission)✓
4. Dadmissibility is irrelevant for courts✓

Article 42 QSO makes relevant

1. Aprivate diary entries unrelated to custom✓
2. Bstatements as to public rights or customs by persons of reputed knowledge✓
3. Cconfessions to police✓
4. Dleading questions in chief always✓

Article 61 QSO covers opinions on handwriting by

1. Aperson acquainted with handwriting or expert under Article 59✓
2. Bany passerby without knowledge✓
3. Conly accused✓
4. Donly police officer in all cases✓

Facts bearing on quantum of damages may be relevant under

1. AArticle 35 confessions only✓
2. Bgeneral relevancy provisions and facts in issue framework✓
3. CArticle 58 character always✓
4. DArticle 46 judicial notice exclusively✓

An admission of fact does not by itself prove

1. Aany evidentiary value ever✓
2. Blegal conclusion if law requires independent proof of certain elements✓
3. Cestoppel in any context✓
4. Dbinding effect on party✓

Relevancy of age in cases involving minority may involve

1. AArticle 59 expert or documentary proof like birth entries under other Articles✓
2. BArticle 57 character rule✓
3. CArticle 35 police confession✓
4. DArticle 140 only✓

Article 16 QSO makes relevant existence of course of business when

1. Asupporting inference that act was done in ordinary course✓
2. Bproving character in civil conduct✓
3. Cproving police confession✓
4. Dproving foreign judgment always conclusively✓

The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984 governs

1. Aonly criminal investigation by police✓
2. Bonly contract drafting✓
3. Cadmissibility and relevancy of evidence in courts in Pakistan✓
4. Donly court fees✓

Article 2(c) QSO defines "fact" to include

1. Aonly written documents✓
2. Bany thing, state of things, or relation of things capable of being perceived by the senses✓
3. Conly expert opinions without basis✓
4. Donly legal propositions✓

Article 18 QSO provides that evidence may be given of

1. Aonly character of parties always✓
2. Bfacts in issue and relevant facts✓
3. Conly hearsay statements freely✓
4. Donly public documents✓

A fact in issue means under Article 2(g)

1. Aany background gossip✓
2. Bonly judge's personal knowledge✓
3. Conly future speculative events always✓
4. Dfact from which right, liability, or disability asserted or denied arises✓

Article 30 QSO defines admission as

1. Aa statement oral or documentary which suggests any inference as to any fact in issue or relevant fact✓
2. Bonly confession to police✓
3. Conly expert report✓
4. Donly dying declaration✓

Admissions by a party to the proceeding are relevant under

1. AArticle 112 only✓
2. BArticle 31 QSO✓
3. CArticle 73 only✓
4. DArticle 136 only✓

Admissions are generally

1. Aalways false✓
2. Binadmissible in civil cases✓
3. Cnot conclusive proof but may operate as estoppel✓
4. Donly usable in criminal prosecution✓

A confession under QSO must relate to

1. Aany personal habit unrelated to case✓
2. Bcivil contract terms only in all cases✓
3. Coffence charged or relevant to it✓
4. Dcharacter only✓

Article 37 QSO renders confession irrelevant if caused by

1. Avoluntary disclosure without pressure✓
2. Baccused's own writing without coercion✓
3. Cinducement, threat or promise from a person in authority✓
4. Dstatement before any person✓

Confession to police officer is generally inadmissible under

1. AArticle 31✓
2. BArticle 38 QSO✓
3. CArticle 46✓
4. DArticle 73✓

Confession by accused while in police custody is restricted under

1. AArticle 38 without any exception✓
2. BArticle 66✓
3. CArticle 85 only✓
4. DArticle 39 QSO subject to discovery-of-fact exception in Article 40✓

A dying declaration is relevant under

1. AArticle 30 only for all statements✓
2. BArticle 46 QSO when the cause of death of the declarant comes into question✓
3. CArticle 73 for documents only✓
4. DArticle 136 for leading questions✓

Dying declaration is an exception to

1. Athe rule against leading questions only✓
2. Bdocumentary evidence rules only✓
3. Cburden of proof always shifting to defence in every civil case✓
4. Dthe hearsay rule because necessity and solemnity of situation✓

Multiple dying declarations may be evaluated by court considering

1. Aonly the longest one automatically✓
2. Bnone if police recorded without more✓
3. Cconsistency, voluntariness and surrounding circumstances✓
4. Donly if signed by doctor always as sole rule✓

Facts of which the Court must take judicial notice are listed in

1. AArticle 112 QSO✓
2. BArticle 30✓
3. CArticle 73✓
4. DArticle 117✓

Under Article 112, the Court must take judicial notice of

1. Aprivate diary entries✓
2. Bevery hearsay rumour✓
3. Cunverified social media posts always✓
4. Dlaws in force in Pakistan and other matters specified✓

In civil cases, evidence of character to prove conduct is generally irrelevant under

1. AArticle 67✓
2. BArticle 66 QSO✓
3. CArticle 37✓
4. DArticle 73✓

In criminal cases, good character of accused is relevant under

1. AArticle 66✓
2. BArticle 38✓
3. CArticle 67 QSO✓
4. DArticle 112 only✓

Previous bad character of accused is generally not relevant except

1. Awhen character is itself in issue or rebuttal as provided in Article 68✓
2. Bin every theft case automatically✓
3. Cwhenever prosecution wishes✓
4. Din all civil suits✓

The hearsay rule means

1. Aall documents are inadmissible✓
2. Bwitnesses need not appear✓
3. Coral evidence must be direct and hearsay statements are inadmissible except where law permits✓
4. Dexpert opinion is always hearsay✓

Article 71 QSO requires oral evidence to be

1. Aalways second-hand from another person✓
2. Bonly through interpreters without appearance✓
3. Cdirect—witness who perceived fact by senses or otherwise competent circumstance✓
4. Donly written without oral testimony✓

Res gestae statements may be relevant under

1. AArticle 66 always✓
2. BArticle 85 only✓
3. CArticle 136 only✓
4. DArticle 19 QSO as statements forming part of same transaction✓

Article 49 QSO makes relevant

1. Aall casual conversations✓
2. Bpure gossip✓
3. Cstatements after transaction ended without link✓
4. Dentries in public records made in performance of official duty✓

Previous judgments may be relevant under Article 57 QSO

1. Afor specific purposes such as when existence of judgment is fact in issue or relevant✓
2. Bas proof of truth of everything decided always without limit✓
3. Cnever under any circumstance✓
4. Donly in criminal cases exclusively✓

Expert opinion is relevant under

1. AArticle 59 QSO when court must form opinion upon point of foreign law, science, art, or identity of handwriting✓
2. BArticle 17 admissions only✓
3. CArticle 35 confessions✓
4. DArticle 46 judicial notice only✓

Opinion on handwriting may be given by

1. Aany passerby without knowledge✓
2. Bperson acquainted with handwriting or expert under Article 59✓
3. Conly accused✓
4. Donly police officer in all cases✓

Article 36 QSO deals with admissions in civil cases when

1. Aalways admissible regardless of without prejudice talks✓
2. Bmade with express or implied condition that evidence of it should not be given✓
3. Conly in criminal cases✓
4. Donly for public documents✓

Statements against proprietary or pecuniary interest are relevant under

1. AArticle 66✓
2. BArticle 73✓
3. CArticle 136✓
4. DArticle 46(3) QSO among statements by unavailable persons✓

Article 39 QSO excludes confession by accused while in custody of police

1. Amaking all confessions admissible✓
2. Badmitting confessions to any citizen✓
3. Cexcluding all statements completely always✓
4. Dexcept to extent permitted by Article 40 regarding discovery of fact✓

Admissions in answer to interrogatories in civil suits are covered under

1. AArticle 38✓
2. BArticle 112✓
3. CArticle 85✓
4. DArticle 31 QSO read with civil procedure rules on admissions✓

Admissions by agents in certain cases are relevant under

1. Anever relevant✓
2. Bonly in criminal trials exclusively✓
3. CArticle 31 QSO subject to authority and matter scope✓
4. Donly if written in foreign language alone✓

Statements made by persons who cannot be called as witnesses include situations under

1. AArticle 30 only✓
2. BArticle 71 only✓
3. CArticle 136 only✓
4. DArticle 46 besides dying declarations✓

Article 40 QSO allows limited proof of information from accused when

1. Anever any discovery relevant✓
2. Balways full confession admissible✓
3. Conly in civil suits✓
4. Dleading to discovery of fact as provided in the Article✓

Relevancy of entries in books of account is under

1. AArticle 66 character rule✓
2. BArticle 38 police confession✓
3. CArticle 136 leading questions✓
4. DArticle 48 QSO when kept in course of business✓

Public records relevancy for official entries is addressed under

1. AArticle 37 confessions only✓
2. BArticle 49 QSO read with Articles 85–89 on proof✓
3. CArticle 68 bad character always✓
4. DArticle 30 only✓

Facts showing motive, preparation or conduct are relevant under

1. AArticle 66 only✓
2. BArticle 73 only✓
3. CArticle 117 burden only✓
4. DArticle 21 QSO✓

Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts are admissible under

1. AArticle 46 only✓
2. BArticle 35✓
3. CArticle 7 QSO✓
4. DArticle 140✓

Things said or done in conspiracy are relevant under

1. AArticle 66✓
2. BArticle 46 dying declaration only✓
3. CArticle 85 public document only✓
4. DArticle 23 QSO when common intention is proved✓

When existence of any right or custom is in issue, facts showing it are relevant under

1. AArticle 26 QSO✓
2. BArticle 30 admissions only✓
3. CArticle 38✓
4. DArticle 136✓

Facts showing state of mind or feeling are relevant under

1. AArticle 66 in all civil conduct cases✓
2. BArticle 73 primary evidence rule✓
3. CArticle 27 QSO✓
4. DArticle 112 judicial notice list only✓

Existence of course of business when relevant is covered under

1. AArticle 29 QSO to support inference act was done in ordinary course✓
2. Bnever in criminal cases✓
3. CArticle 68 bad character rule exclusively✓
4. DArticle 71 hearsay rule only✓

Inadmissible evidence under QSO should be

1. Aalways admitted if interesting✓
2. Bautomatically proof of truth✓
3. Conly excluded in appeals✓
4. Dexcluded when objection taken; court evaluates permitted proof only✓

Relevant fact under Article 2(d) is

1. Afact connected with fact in issue as prescribed in QSO✓
2. Bany fact lawyer mentions✓
3. Conly facts in foreign law always✓
4. Donly documentary facts✓