Middle East and Muslim World Politics MCQs 2026

GCC member states include

1. AEgypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria✓
2. BIran, Iraq and Turkey✓
3. CPakistan, Afghanistan and Yemen only✓
4. DSaudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman✓

The Balfour Declaration (1917) expressed British support for

1. Aan independent Arab kingdom in Morocco✓
2. Ba national home for the Jewish people in Palestine✓
3. Cpartition of Egypt only✓
4. DOttoman restoration✓

The State of Israel was declared in

1. A1917✓
2. B1967✓
3. C1948✓
4. D1973✓

The 1967 Six-Day War resulted in Israel occupying

1. Athe West Bank, Gaza, East Jerusalem, Sinai and Golan Heights✓
2. Bonly Tel Aviv✓
3. CIranian territory✓
4. DSaudi Mecca✓

UN Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) calls for

1. Aimmediate destruction of Israel✓
2. Bannexation of all occupied lands✓
3. Cnuclear disarmament of Egypt only✓
4. Dwithdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the conflict✓

The Camp David Accords (1978) were signed by

1. ASyria and Israel only✓
2. BJordan and Iraq✓
3. CEgypt and Israel with US mediation✓
4. DIran and Saudi Arabia✓

The Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty was signed in

1. A1973✓
2. B1979✓
3. C1982✓
4. D1993✓

The Oslo Accords (1993) established

1. Amutual recognition and a framework for Palestinian self-government✓
2. Bfull independent Palestinian state immediately✓
3. CIsraeli annexation of Gaza✓
4. DSyrian–Israeli peace✓

The Oslo process was conducted between

1. AHamas and Egypt✓
2. BJordan and Syria✓
3. CSaudi Arabia and Iran✓
4. DIsrael and the PLO✓

The Iran nuclear deal (JCPOA) was concluded in

1. A2015✓
2. B2003✓
3. C2010✓
4. D2020✓

Under the JCPOA, Iran agreed to limits on its nuclear program in exchange for

1. Aterritorial concessions to Israel✓
2. Bwithdrawal from OIC✓
3. Csanctions relief✓
4. DNATO membership✓

The US withdrew from the JCPOA in

1. A2015✓
2. B2020✓
3. C2022✓
4. D2018✓

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) was founded in

1. A1945✓
2. B1981✓
3. C1979✓
4. D2003✓

The Iran–Saudi rivalry in the Gulf is often described as

1. Aa sectarian and geopolitical competition for regional influence✓
2. Ba border dispute over Antarctica✓
3. Cprimarily a trade tariff issue only✓
4. Dcooperation within single alliance✓

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) headquarters is in

1. ACairo, Egypt✓
2. BAnkara, Turkey✓
3. CJeddah, Saudi Arabia✓
4. DKuala Lumpur, Malaysia✓

The OIC was founded after

1. Athe 1948 Arab–Israeli war only✓
2. Bthe arson attack on Al-Aqsa Mosque in 1969✓
3. Cthe 2003 Iraq invasion✓
4. Dthe Arab Spring only✓

The Arab Spring began prominently in

1. ATunisia in late 2010✓
2. BSaudi Arabia in 2005✓
3. CMorocco in 1990✓
4. DLebanon in 1982✓

The Arab Spring in Egypt led to

1. Aimmediate stable democracy without upheaval✓
2. Bthe fall of Hosni Mubarak in 2011✓
3. CIsraeli withdrawal from Sinai✓
4. DGCC dissolution✓

Syria's civil war began in

1. A2003✓
2. B2015✓
3. C2011✓
4. D2008✓

The Abraham Accords (2020) normalized relations between Israel and

1. AIran and Syria only✓
2. BPalestinian Authority only✓
3. CLebanon and Iraq only✓
4. DUAE and Bahrain (later expanded)✓

Hezbollah is primarily based in

1. AJordan✓
2. BEgypt✓
3. CTurkey✓
4. DLebanon✓

Hamas controls Gaza and originated as

1. Aa secular Marxist party in Jordan✓
2. Ban Israeli political party✓
3. Can Islamist Palestinian movement opposing Oslo✓
4. Da GCC military wing✓

The two-state solution envisions

1. AIsrael and an independent Palestine living side by side✓
2. Bsingle binational state only✓
3. CJordanian annexation of all Palestine✓
4. Dcomplete depopulation of Gaza✓

The intifadas refer to

1. AIsraeli elections only✓
2. BPalestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation✓
3. CGCC summit protests✓
4. DIranian revolutions only✓

The Suez Crisis (1956) involved

1. AEgypt's nationalization of the canal and Anglo-French-Israeli response✓
2. BSyrian invasion of Lebanon✓
3. COttoman collapse only✓
4. DJCPOA negotiations✓

The Islamic Revolution in Iran occurred in

1. A1953✓
2. B1988✓
3. C1979✓
4. D2005✓

Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 aims at

1. Anuclear weapons acquisition publicly declared✓
2. Bmerger with Israel✓
3. Cwithdrawal from OIC✓
4. Deconomic diversification beyond oil dependence✓

The Yemen civil war involves primarily

1. ANATO and Russia directly✓
2. BHouthi forces and the internationally recognized government with regional backing✓
3. CIndia and Pakistan only✓
4. DAntarctic claimants✓

The Kurdistan Regional Government operates in

1. AIran only✓
2. BSyria only✓
3. CEgypt✓
4. DIraq✓

The Al-Aqsa/intifada linkage in OIC politics reflects

1. AJerusalem's religious significance for Muslim states✓
2. Bexclusive Christian jurisdiction✓
3. CIrrelevance to pan-Islamic identity✓
4. DAntarctic territorial claims✓

Pan-Arabism peaked under leaders like

1. ABegin in Israel✓
2. BShah in Iran✓
3. CNasser in Egypt✓
4. DErdogan in Turkey only✓

The Baghdad Pact/CENTO linked

1. AGCC and Israel✓
2. BTurkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and the UK (later renamed CENTO)✓
3. COIC and EU✓
4. DASEAN and NATO✓

Turkey's role in the Muslim world includes

1. ANATO membership and regional mediation in conflicts✓
2. BOIC headquarters location✓
3. CGCC membership✓
4. DArab League founding membership only✓

The Palestinian Authority was established under

1. ACamp David 1978 only✓
2. BAbraham Accords only✓
3. CBalfour Declaration✓
4. DOslo Accords✓

UNRWA provides assistance to

1. ASyrian refugees in Europe only✓
2. BVenezuelan migrants only✓
3. CPalestine refugees✓
4. Dall global refugees replacing UNHCR✓

The Golan Heights were annexed by Israel in

1. A1948✓
2. B1981 (Syrian territory occupied since 1967)✓
3. C1993✓
4. D2015✓

Saudi–Iran rapprochement in 2023 was brokered partly by

1. AUnited States only✓
2. BIsrael✓
3. CChina✓
4. DFrance only✓

The Muslim Brotherhood originated in

1. ASaudi Arabia in 1979✓
2. BTurkey in 2002✓
3. CIran in 1979✓
4. DEgypt in 1928✓

The Arab League headquarters is in

1. ACairo, Egypt✓
2. BRiyadh✓
3. CDamascus✓
4. DAbu Dhabi✓

The Nakba refers to

1. AEgyptian victory in 1973 war✓
2. Bthe displacement of Palestinians associated with Israel's 1948 creation✓
3. COslo signing ceremony✓
4. DGCC founding summit✓