Medical Ethics and Law MCQs 2026

Research ethics in medicine refers to

1. Aethical conduct in human subject research✓
2. Bobligation to protect patient information✓
3. Cduty to avoid harm✓
4. Dbreach of duty causing foreseeable harm✓

Medical ethics case 24: a medicolegal hearing presenting with confidentiality breach review requires the clinician to

1. Aassess focus of infection and start empiric antibiotics if indicated✓
2. Bdelay all investigations until next outpatient visit✓
3. Cdischarge without vital sign monitoring✓
4. Dprescribe antibiotics without clinical indication✓

Medical ethics case 26: a research committee presenting with referral decision requires the clinician to

1. Adelay all investigations until next outpatient visit✓
2. Brefer to appropriate specialist when care exceeds primary level capacity✓
3. Cdischarge without vital sign monitoring✓
4. Dprescribe antibiotics without clinical indication✓

Medical ethics case 49: a clinical ward round presenting with confidentiality breach review requires the clinician to

1. Adelay all investigations until next outpatient visit✓
2. Bdischarge without vital sign monitoring✓
3. Cassess focus of infection and start empiric antibiotics if indicated✓
4. Dprescribe antibiotics without clinical indication✓

Medical ethics case 52: a clinical ward round presenting with referral decision requires the clinician to

1. Adelay all investigations until next outpatient visit✓
2. Bdischarge without vital sign monitoring✓
3. Crefer to appropriate specialist when care exceeds primary level capacity✓
4. Dprescribe antibiotics without clinical indication✓

Medical ethics case 59: a research committee presenting with confidentiality breach review requires the clinician to

1. Aassess focus of infection and start empiric antibiotics if indicated✓
2. Bdelay all investigations until next outpatient visit✓
3. Cdischarge without vital sign monitoring✓
4. Dprescribe antibiotics without clinical indication✓

Do not resuscitate in medicine refers to

1. Aduty to act in patient best interest✓
2. Badvance decision to withhold CPR in specified circumstances✓
3. Crespect for patient self-determination✓
4. Dlegal provisions on culpable homicide and medical practice✓

Informed consent in medicine refers to

1. Aduty to avoid harm✓
2. Bvoluntary agreement after understanding risks and benefits✓
3. Cbreach of duty causing foreseeable harm✓
4. Dorgan donation requiring voluntary informed donation✓

Non-maleficence in medicine refers to

1. Alegal provisions on culpable homicide and medical practice✓
2. Bduty to avoid harm✓
3. Cethical conduct in human subject research✓
4. Dvoluntary agreement after understanding risks and benefits✓

Medical negligence in medicine refers to

1. Aethical conduct in human subject research✓
2. Bvoluntary agreement after understanding risks and benefits✓
3. Cbreach of duty causing foreseeable harm✓
4. Dduty to act in patient best interest✓

Confidentiality in medicine refers to

1. Arespect for patient self-determination✓
2. Blegal provisions on culpable homicide and medical practice✓
3. Cethical conduct in human subject research✓
4. Dobligation to protect patient information✓

Beneficence in medicine refers to

1. Abreach of duty causing foreseeable harm✓
2. Borgan donation requiring voluntary informed donation✓
3. Cduty to act in patient best interest✓
4. Dadvance decision to withhold CPR in specified circumstances✓

Autonomy in medicine refers to

1. Aorgan donation requiring voluntary informed donation✓
2. Badvance decision to withhold CPR in specified circumstances✓
3. Cobligation to protect patient information✓
4. Drespect for patient self-determination✓

Pakistan Penal Code medical in medicine refers to

1. Aadvance decision to withhold CPR in specified circumstances✓
2. Bobligation to protect patient information✓
3. Clegal provisions on culpable homicide and medical practice✓
4. Dduty to avoid harm✓

Transplantation ethics in medicine refers to

1. Aorgan donation requiring voluntary informed donation✓
2. Bvoluntary agreement after understanding risks and benefits✓
3. Cduty to act in patient best interest✓
4. Drespect for patient self-determination✓

Medical ethics case 2: a research committee presenting with consent issue requires the clinician to

1. Aensure informed voluntary consent before invasive procedure✓
2. Bdelay all investigations until next outpatient visit✓
3. Cdischarge without vital sign monitoring✓
4. Dprescribe antibiotics without clinical indication✓

Medical ethics case 10: a clinical ward round presenting with consent issue requires the clinician to

1. Aensure informed voluntary consent before invasive procedure✓
2. Bdelay all investigations until next outpatient visit✓
3. Cdischarge without vital sign monitoring✓
4. Dprescribe antibiotics without clinical indication✓

Medical ethics case 39: a medicolegal hearing presenting with consent issue requires the clinician to

1. Adelay all investigations until next outpatient visit✓
2. Bdischarge without vital sign monitoring✓
3. Cprescribe antibiotics without clinical indication✓
4. Densure informed voluntary consent before invasive procedure✓

Medical ethics case 45: a medicolegal hearing presenting with referral decision requires the clinician to

1. Arefer to appropriate specialist when care exceeds primary level capacity✓
2. Bdelay all investigations until next outpatient visit✓
3. Cdischarge without vital sign monitoring✓
4. Dprescribe antibiotics without clinical indication✓