Diseases, Pathogens & Vaccines MCQs 2026

Which disease is commonly known as "the flu" and is caused by influenza viruses

1. ACommon cold✓
2. BInfluenza✓
3. CPneumonia✓
4. DBronchitis✓

Which disease is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, typically spread through contaminated water

1. ATyphoid✓
2. BCholera✓
3. CTuberculosis✓
4. DTetanus✓

Which disease is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, also spread through contaminated food and water

1. ACholera✓
2. BTyphoid✓
3. CMalaria✓
4. DDiphtheria✓

Which disease is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, often associated with deep wounds

1. ACholera✓
2. BTetanus (Lockjaw)✓
3. CTyphoid✓
4. DDiphtheria✓

Tetanus is commonly known by which other name, referring to a key symptom

1. ALockjaw✓
2. BWhooping cough✓
3. CConsumption✓
4. DAgue✓

Which disease is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), attacking the immune system

1. AAIDS✓
2. BHepatitis✓
3. CTuberculosis✓
4. DMalaria✓

Which organ is primarily affected by Hepatitis, an inflammatory viral disease

1. AKidney✓
2. BLiver✓
3. CLungs✓
4. DHeart✓

How many main types of viral Hepatitis are commonly recognized

1. ATwo (A and B)✓
2. BThree (A, B, and C)✓
3. CFive (A, B, C, D, and E)✓
4. DSeven✓

Which type of hepatitis is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, similar to typhoid

1. AHepatitis A✓
2. BHepatitis B✓
3. CHepatitis C✓
4. DHepatitis D✓

Which type of hepatitis is primarily spread through blood and bodily fluids, and can become chronic

1. AHepatitis A✓
2. BHepatitis B✓
3. CBoth B and C are notably spread this way and can become chronic✓
4. DHepatitis E✓

Which disease, caused by a Mycobacterium, historically called "consumption," primarily affects the lungs

1. ATuberculosis✓
2. BPneumonia✓
3. CAsthma✓
4. DBronchitis✓

Which vaccine is specifically used to prevent tuberculosis

1. ABCG vaccine✓
2. BMMR vaccine✓
3. CDPT vaccine✓
4. DPolio vaccine✓

Which vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella collectively

1. ABCG✓
2. BMMR vaccine✓
3. CDPT vaccine✓
4. DHepatitis B vaccine✓

Which vaccine protects against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus collectively

1. AMMR✓
2. BDPT vaccine✓
3. CBCG✓
4. DPolio vaccine✓

Which scientist developed the first successful vaccine, against smallpox

1. ALouis Pasteur✓
2. BEdward Jenner✓
3. CRobert Koch✓
4. DAlexander Fleming✓

Which disease has been officially declared eradicated worldwide by the WHO, largely due to vaccination

1. ASmallpox✓
2. BPolio✓
3. CMeasles✓
4. DTuberculosis✓

Which disease-causing agent is not a living organism but a genetic material wrapped in protein, requiring a host cell to replicate

1. ABacteria✓
2. BVirus✓
3. CFungus✓
4. DProtozoa✓

Which type of disease-causing organism can be treated with antibiotics, unlike viruses

1. ABacteria✓
2. BViruses✓
3. CBoth bacteria and viruses respond to antibiotics✓
4. DNeither responds to antibiotics✓

Which scientist is credited with developing the germ theory of disease and pasteurization

1. ARobert Koch✓
2. BLouis Pasteur✓
3. CEdward Jenner✓
4. DAlexander Fleming✓

Which scientist identified the specific bacteria causing tuberculosis and cholera, establishing key principles for identifying disease-causing microbes

1. ALouis Pasteur✓
2. BRobert Koch✓
3. CEdward Jenner✓
4. DJoseph Lister✓

Which scientist discovered penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic

1. ALouis Pasteur✓
2. BRobert Koch✓
3. CAlexander Fleming✓
4. DEdward Jenner✓

Which fungus was the natural source from which penicillin was first isolated

1. APenicillium mold✓
2. BYeast✓
3. CAspergillus✓
4. DRhizopus✓

Which respiratory disease involves inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs, often caused by bacterial or viral infection

1. AAsthma✓
2. BPneumonia✓
3. CBronchitis✓
4. DEmphysema✓

Which chronic respiratory condition involves airway inflammation and narrowing, causing breathing difficulty and wheezing

1. APneumonia✓
2. BAsthma✓
3. CTuberculosis✓
4. DHepatitis✓

Which disease, transmitted by the bite of infected animals (commonly dogs), affects the nervous system and is almost always fatal if untreated

1. ARabies✓
2. BTetanus✓
3. CMalaria✓
4. DTyphoid✓

Which disease, caused by a fungus, commonly affects the skin, causing conditions like athlete's foot and ringworm

1. ABacterial infections✓
2. BFungal infections✓
3. CViral infections✓
4. DProtozoal infections✓

Which globally significant respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus led to a worldwide pandemic beginning in late 2019

1. AInfluenza pandemic✓
2. BCOVID-19✓
3. CSARS (2003 outbreak)✓
4. DMERS✓

Which type of vaccine technology, notably used in some COVID-19 vaccines, uses genetic instructions to prompt cells to produce a viral protein for immune recognition

1. ALive attenuated vaccine✓
2. BmRNA vaccine✓
3. CInactivated vaccine✓
4. DToxoid vaccine✓

Which type of vaccine uses a weakened but still living form of the pathogen

1. AInactivated vaccine✓
2. BLive attenuated vaccine✓
3. CToxoid vaccine✓
4. DSubunit vaccine✓

Which type of vaccine uses a killed or inactivated form of the pathogen

1. ALive attenuated vaccine✓
2. BInactivated vaccine✓
3. CmRNA vaccine✓
4. DConjugate vaccine✓

Diabetes mellitus is primarily characterized by problems regulating which substance in the blood

1. ACholesterol✓
2. BGlucose (blood sugar)✓
3. CIron✓
4. DSodium✓

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, typically diagnosed in childhood

1. AType 1 diabetes✓
2. BType 2 diabetes✓
3. CGestational diabetes✓
4. DDiabetes insipidus✓

Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and is more commonly associated with lifestyle factors

1. AType 1 diabetes✓
2. BType 2 diabetes✓
3. CGestational diabetes✓
4. DDiabetes insipidus✓

Which condition, involving the clouding of the eye's lens, commonly causes vision impairment in older adults

1. AGlaucoma✓
2. BCataract✓
3. CMyopia✓
4. DConjunctivitis✓

Which eye condition involves increased pressure within the eye, potentially damaging the optic nerve

1. ACataract✓
2. BGlaucoma✓
3. CMyopia✓
4. DHyperopia✓

Which type of microorganism causes the common cold

1. ABacteria✓
2. BVirus✓
3. CFungus✓
4. DProtozoa✓

Which type of microorganism causes tuberculosis

1. ABacteria✓
2. BVirus✓
3. CFungus✓
4. DProtozoa✓

Which type of microorganism causes malaria

1. ABacteria✓
2. BVirus✓
3. CFungus✓
4. DProtozoa (Plasmodium)✓

Malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of which insect

1. AHousefly✓
2. BAnopheles mosquito✓
3. CTsetse fly✓
4. DAedes mosquito primarily for dengue✓

Which mosquito species is primarily responsible for transmitting dengue fever

1. AAnopheles✓
2. BAedes aegypti✓
3. CCulex✓
4. DTsetse fly (not a mosquito)✓

Which chronic autoimmune disease can affect multiple organ systems, including skin, joints, and kidneys

1. ALupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)✓
2. BGout✓
3. COsteoarthritis✓
4. DRheumatoid arthritis specifically only joints✓

Which cancer specifically originates in the white blood cells and bone marrow, affecting blood cell production

1. ALeukemia✓
2. BLymphoma✓
3. CMelanoma✓
4. DCarcinoma✓

Which type of cancer specifically originates in the lymphatic system

1. ALeukemia✓
2. BLymphoma✓
3. CMelanoma✓
4. DSarcoma✓

Which type of cancer specifically originates in the pigment-producing skin cells (melanocytes)

1. ALeukemia✓
2. BLymphoma✓
3. CMelanoma✓
4. DCarcinoma generally✓

Which general term describes cancers arising from epithelial tissue, the most common category of cancer

1. ASarcoma✓
2. BCarcinoma✓
3. CLeukemia✓
4. DLymphoma✓

Which term describes cancers that arise from connective tissue, such as bone, muscle, or cartilage

1. ACarcinoma✓
2. BSarcoma✓
3. CLymphoma✓
4. DLeukemia✓

Which chronic lung disease, commonly linked to long-term smoking, involves damage to the air sacs, reducing their elasticity

1. AAsthma✓
2. BEmphysema✓
3. CPneumonia✓
4. DBronchitis✓

Which broader term encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema, describing progressive lung diseases that obstruct airflow

1. ACOPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)✓
2. BAsthma✓
3. CPneumonia✓
4. DTuberculosis✓

Which sexually transmitted infection, caused by a bacterium, can lead to serious complications if untreated, including effects on the brain and heart

1. ASyphilis✓
2. BHIV/AIDS✓
3. CHPV✓
4. DHerpes✓

Which virus is strongly linked to the development of cervical cancer, with vaccines now available for prevention

1. AHIV✓
2. BHepatitis B✓
3. CHPV (Human Papillomavirus)✓
4. DHerpes simplex virus✓

Which imaging technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves, without ionizing radiation, to create detailed body images

1. ACT scan✓
2. BMRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)✓
3. CX-ray✓
4. DPET scan✓

Which imaging technique uses X-rays taken from multiple angles to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body

1. ACT scan (Computed Tomography)✓
2. BMRI✓
3. CUltrasound✓
4. DX-ray (standard)✓

Which diagnostic procedure involves removing a small tissue sample for laboratory examination, often to check for cancer

1. ABiopsy✓
2. BDialysis✓
3. CEndoscopy✓
4. DX-ray✓

Which medical procedure filters waste and excess fluid from the blood when kidneys fail to function properly

1. ADialysis✓
2. BChemotherapy✓
3. CRadiotherapy✓
4. DBiopsy✓

Which disease, caused by prolonged high blood pressure and other factors, can lead to kidney failure, requiring dialysis

1. AChronic kidney disease✓
2. BCholera✓
3. CHepatitis✓
4. DMalaria✓

Which autoimmune neurological disease involves the immune system attacking the protective myelin sheath covering nerve fibers

1. AParkinson's disease✓
2. BMultiple sclerosis✓
3. CEpilepsy✓
4. DAlzheimer's disease✓

Which neurological condition is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures

1. AAlzheimer's disease✓
2. BParkinson's disease✓
3. CEpilepsy✓
4. DMultiple sclerosis✓

Which neurological disorder is characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with movement, resulting from loss of dopamine-producing neurons

1. AAlzheimer's disease✓
2. BParkinson's disease✓
3. CMultiple sclerosis✓
4. DEpilepsy✓

Which degenerative brain disease is the most common cause of dementia, primarily affecting memory and cognitive function

1. AParkinson's disease✓
2. BAlzheimer's disease✓
3. CMultiple sclerosis✓
4. DEpilepsy✓

Which severe mental disorder is characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking

1. ADepression✓
2. BAnxiety disorder✓
3. CSchizophrenia✓
4. DBipolar disorder✓

Which mental health condition involves alternating episodes of extreme mood elevation (mania) and depression

1. AAnxiety disorder✓
2. BSchizophrenia✓
3. CBipolar disorder✓
4. DObsessive-compulsive disorder✓

Which term describes a sudden increase in disease cases within a specific community or region, beyond what is normally expected

1. AEpidemic✓
2. BEndemic✓
3. CSporadic✓
4. DChronic✓

Which term describes a disease consistently present within a particular geographic area or population

1. AEpidemic✓
2. BPandemic✓
3. CEndemic✓
4. DSporadic✓

Which term describes an outbreak of a disease that spreads across multiple countries or continents

1. AEpidemic✓
2. BPandemic✓
3. CEndemic✓
4. DOutbreak (localized)✓

Which imaging technique uses high-frequency sound waves, commonly used to monitor pregnancy

1. AX-ray✓
2. BCT scan✓
3. CUltrasound✓
4. DMRI✓

Which mental health condition is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities

1. AAnxiety disorder✓
2. BDepression✓
3. CSchizophrenia✓
4. DBipolar disorder✓

Which condition results from overactivity of the thyroid gland, speeding up metabolism

1. AHyperthyroidism✓
2. BHypothyroidism✓
3. CDiabetes mellitus✓
4. DCushing's syndrome✓

Which autoimmune disease involves the immune system attacking the joints, causing chronic inflammation and pain

1. ARheumatoid arthritis✓
2. BOsteoarthritis✓
3. CGout✓
4. DFibromyalgia✓

Which condition results from underactivity of the thyroid gland, slowing metabolism

1. AHyperthyroidism✓
2. BHypothyroidism✓
3. CDiabetes insipidus✓
4. DAddison's disease✓

Which condition results from the body's immune system attacking the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas

1. AType 1 diabetes✓
2. BType 2 diabetes✓
3. CHypothyroidism✓
4. DAddison's disease✓

Which joint condition is primarily caused by wear-and-tear degeneration of cartilage, common with aging

1. ARheumatoid arthritis✓
2. BOsteoarthritis✓
3. CLupus✓
4. DGout✓

Which disease, transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly, is prevalent in parts of Africa and affects the nervous system

1. AAfrican sleeping sickness (Trypanosomiasis)✓
2. BMalaria✓
3. CDengue fever✓
4. DYellow fever✓

Which viral disease, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causes fever, joint pain, and in severe cases, liver damage and jaundice

1. AYellow fever✓
2. BMalaria✓
3. CTuberculosis✓
4. DCholera✓

Which condition is caused by excess uric acid crystals accumulating in joints, causing sudden, severe pain

1. ARheumatoid arthritis✓
2. BOsteoarthritis✓
3. CGout✓
4. DLupus✓

Which respiratory disease, also called "whooping cough," is characterized by severe coughing fits

1. ADiphtheria✓
2. BPertussis (Whooping cough)✓
3. CTuberculosis✓
4. DPneumonia✓

Which disease, historically feared, is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium and transmitted by fleas on rodents

1. APlague✓
2. BCholera✓
3. CTyphoid✓
4. DDiphtheria✓

The infamous "Black Death" pandemic of the 14th century was caused by which disease

1. ASmallpox✓
2. BBubonic Plague✓
3. CCholera✓
4. DTyphus✓

Which disease, caused by a Corynebacterium species, primarily affects the throat and can cause breathing difficulty

1. ATetanus✓
2. BDiphtheria✓
3. CTuberculosis✓
4. DPertussis✓

Which parasitic disease, transmitted through contaminated water containing freshwater snails, affects the urinary and intestinal systems

1. ASchistosomiasis✓
2. BMalaria✓
3. CCholera✓
4. DGiardiasis✓

Which parasitic infection, caused by roundworms, is one of the most common intestinal parasitic infections worldwide

1. AAscariasis✓
2. BMalaria✓
3. CCholera✓
4. DSchistosomiasis✓

Which skin condition, caused by mites burrowing under the skin, causes intense itching

1. AScabies✓
2. BRingworm✓
3. CEczema✓
4. DPsoriasis✓

Which chronic skin condition involves rapid skin cell buildup, causing scaly, red patches

1. AEczema✓
2. BPsoriasis✓
3. CScabies✓
4. DRingworm✓

Which allergic skin condition causes inflamed, itchy, and red patches, often in individuals with a history of allergies

1. APsoriasis✓
2. BEczema (Atopic Dermatitis)✓
3. CScabies✓
4. DRingworm✓

Which condition results from an overreaction of the immune system to normally harmless substances, such as pollen or certain foods

1. AAutoimmune disease✓
2. BAllergy✓
3. CInfection✓
4. DGenetic disorder✓

Which severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction can cause difficulty breathing and a drop in blood pressure

1. AAnaphylaxis✓
2. BDermatitis✓
3. CRhinitis✓
4. DConjunctivitis✓

Which medication is commonly used as emergency treatment for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)

1. AAntibiotics✓
2. BEpinephrine (adrenaline)✓
3. CAntihistamines only✓
4. DInsulin✓

Which blood disorder is characterized by an insufficient number of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin

1. ALeukemia✓
2. BAnemia✓
3. CHemophilia✓
4. DThrombosis✓

Which inherited blood disorder impairs the blood's ability to clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding

1. AAnemia✓
2. BLeukemia✓
3. CHemophilia✓
4. DThalassemia✓

Which inherited blood disorder results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin, common in some Mediterranean and Asian populations

1. AHemophilia✓
2. BThalassemia✓
3. CLeukemia✓
4. DAnemia (general)✓

Which inherited blood disorder causes red blood cells to form an abnormal, crescent shape

1. AThalassemia✓
2. BSickle Cell Disease✓
3. CHemophilia✓
4. DLeukemia✓

Which condition results from blood clots forming within blood vessels, potentially blocking blood flow

1. AAnemia✓
2. BThrombosis✓
3. CHemophilia✓
4. DLeukemia✓

Which serious condition occurs when a blood clot travels to and blocks an artery in the lungs

1. ADeep vein thrombosis✓
2. BPulmonary embolism✓
3. CStroke✓
4. DMyocardial infarction✓

Which serious condition occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, causing brain cell damage

1. AMyocardial infarction✓
2. BStroke✓
3. CPulmonary embolism✓
4. DDeep vein thrombosis✓

Which serious condition, commonly called a "heart attack," occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked

1. AStroke✓
2. BMyocardial infarction (Heart attack)✓
3. CPulmonary embolism✓
4. DAneurysm✓

Which condition involves an abnormal bulge or weakening in a blood vessel wall, which can rupture if untreated

1. AThrombosis✓
2. BAneurysm✓
3. CEmbolism✓
4. DIschemia✓

What is the general medical term for reduced blood supply to a body part or organ

1. AIschemia✓
2. BAneurysm✓
3. CThrombosis specifically✓
4. DHemorrhage✓

Which term describes internal or external bleeding, often used in the context of severe blood loss

1. AIschemia✓
2. BHemorrhage✓
3. CThrombosis✓
4. DEmbolism✓

Which viral disease, associated with cold sores and genital lesions, remains dormant in the body after initial infection

1. AHerpes simplex virus infection✓
2. BHPV infection✓
3. CHepatitis✓
4. DHIV✓

Which condition, often resulting from untreated Strep throat infection, can lead to rheumatic fever and heart damage

1. AUntreated Streptococcal infection✓
2. BUntreated Staphylococcal infection✓
3. CUntreated viral infection✓
4. DUntreated fungal infection✓

Which condition involves inflammation of the appendix, often requiring surgical removal

1. AAppendicitis✓
2. BGastritis✓
3. CColitis✓
4. DPancreatitis✓